COVID-19 Survey Analysis (Part 2: Data Extraction & Preprocessing)
Nathan K. Chan
To visit this project on GitHub, please visit this link: https://nathankchan.github.io/covid-19-survey-analysis/
NB: Show or hide all code snippets using the
Code button located in the upper right corner.
Table of Contents
1. Preamble
This report section demonstrates an automated process to download data from Harvard Dataverse. We also examine the structure of the data and prepare it for analysis. Key topics discussed include data cleaning and imputation of missing data.
If you choose to follow along with code demonstrations, please
initialize your environment by sourcing 00_init.R and
installing all required packages (see Part 1). Then, restart R and run
the code block below.
source(paste0(getwd(), "/scripts/02_cleandata.R"))2. Data extraction
The COVID-19 Behavior Determinants Database can be
accessed via Harvard Dataverse at doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NILCAV. To
analyze this data, we will need to download the SPSS file
COVID-19 Behavior Determinants Database_v1.0.sav and load
this data into R.
The script 01_loaddata.R automates the process of
downloading and extracting data from Harvard Dataverse. Since scripts
are nested, running 02_cleandata.R will automatically
source 00_init.R to set up the environment and
01_loaddata.R to load the data.
Data are loaded into a “tibble” (i.e., data frame) named
coviddata.
3. Basic characterization
Let’s explore coviddata to understand what it contains.
Using dim(), we can determine the dimensions of
coviddata (i.e., the number of rows and columns it
contains). We can also view the contents of coviddata for a
qualitative perspective.
dim(coviddata)## [1] 8070 401head(coviddata)dim() shows that coviddata contains 8070
rows and 401 columns. Based on the table, rows may represent individual
participants, whereas columns represent data collected from participants
(e.g., survey responses, identifiers, etc.).
The contents of each column are not immediately obvious. For example, column “S2” likely describes years, but it is not clear if the data indicate year of birth or another time-related measure. Some columns appear to contain character strings (e.g., “S3r6oe”), whereas others seem to contain coded values (e.g., “S4”).
Fortunately, since SPSS files contain a data dictionary, we can
identify columns contained in coviddata. Questions and
values associated with each column were saved in the label
and labels attributes of columns in
coviddata.
For your convenience, these attributes were extracted into a list
named datadict. Elements of datadict
correspond to columns of coviddata, where each element
contains the question, values, and table of counts for each value of a
given column. Let’s investigate column “S5” and “S5r15oe”.
datadict$S5## $Question
## [1] "S5: What is your religion?"
##
## $Values
## No religion Roman Catholic United Church
## 1 2 3
## Anglican Baptist Lutheran
## 4 5 6
## Muslim Presbyterian Pentecostal
## 7 8 9
## Jewish Buddhist Hindu
## 10 11 12
## Sikh Greek Orthodox Other (please specify)
## 13 14 15
## I'd rather not say
## 99
##
## $Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 99
## 2516 2100 291 205 376 182 183 206 170 563 160 78 26 72 584 358datadict$S5r15oe## $Question
## [1] "S5r15oe: What is your religion? - Other (please specify)"
##
## $Values
## NULL
##
## $Table
## x
## 12 step
## 7486 1
## 5 percenter 7th day
## 1 1
## Adventist agnostic
## 1 5
## Agnostic AGNOSTIC
## 5 1
## Alliance Anglican
## 2 1
## APATHEIST Apostolic
## 1 1
## Asatru atheist
## 1 1
## Atheist athiest
## 2 1
## bahai faith Baptist
## 1 1
## born again Born Again
## 2 1
## born again christian Born Again Evangelist
## 1 1
## brethren Casual Catholic
## 2 1
## catholic Catholic
## 3 5
## Charismatic chaustain
## 1 1
## Chiristian chirst
## 1 1
## christain Christain
## 2 1
## christan christen
## 2 1
## christian Christian
## 52 113
## CHRISTIAN Christian - non-denominational
## 3 2
## Christian (Sort of) Christian Alliance
## 1 1
## Christian but do not attend ch Christian but no specific sect
## 1 1
## Christian non denomination christian orthodox
## 1 1
## Christian Reformed Christian Science
## 1 1
## Christian-LDS Christian-Non Denominational
## 1 1
## Christian-Non-Denominational Christian; non-denominational
## 1 1
## christianity Christianity
## 1 6
## Christians christion
## 1 1
## chrisyinity Chritian
## 1 1
## church of christ Church of Christ
## 2 3
## Church of England church of jesus christ of latt
## 1 1
## church of Jesus Christ of latt Church of Jesus Christ of Latt
## 1 2
## Congregational Coptic Orthodox
## 1 1
## Covenant Church crishtian
## 1 1
## cristan Cristian
## 1 1
## Deist Diesm
## 1 1
## Do not identify with specific Eckankar
## 1 3
## episcal Episcopal
## 1 5
## Episcopalian Ernest Holmes Science of Mind
## 9 1
## evangelical Evangelical
## 2 7
## Evangelical Christian Evangelist
## 7 1
## Evengelical Follower of Christ
## 1 1
## free minded spiritualist General Christian
## 1 1
## Hebrew Holiness
## 1 1
## i don't have one i dont know
## 1 1
## israelite jahovah
## 1 1
## Jainist Jedi
## 1 1
## jehovah Witness Jehovah Witness
## 1 1
## Jehovah's witness Jehovah's Witness
## 3 7
## Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah’s Witness
## 1 1
## Jesus follower just protestant
## 1 1
## kabbalist Khristian
## 1 1
## kristan Latter Day Saint
## 1 1
## Latter-day Saint Lds
## 1 1
## LDS Lutheran
## 1 1
## Mar Thomite Maronite Catholic
## 1 1
## Mennonite Mennonite Brethren
## 4 1
## Menonite Messianic/Baptist
## 1 1
## methodist Methodist
## 22 41
## Mine mormon
## 1 1
## Mormon morshhde
## 2 1
## muslim Nazarene
## 1 1
## New Covenant Baptist No religious affliation
## 1 1
## non demonination non demontional christain
## 1 1
## Non demotional non denomination
## 1 1
## Non denomination non denomination christian
## 1 1
## non denominational Non denominational
## 4 1
## Non Denominational non denominational christian
## 1 1
## non denominational Christian Non denominational Christian
## 1 2
## Non-den. Christian Non-denomination
## 1 1
## Non-Denominational non-denominational Christian
## 1 3
## Non-denominational Christian non-practicing Jew
## 1 1
## nondenominational Nondenominational
## 1 1
## nondenominational christian nondenominational protestant
## 1 1
## Nondenominational Singapore none
## 1 8
## None NONE
## 1 1
## none of the above normal
## 1 1
## orthadox Orthodox
## 1 2
## Other Christian Other Christian (Non-denominat
## 2 1
## others pagan
## 1 3
## Pagan Pagan/Druid
## 4 2
## Pantheism Prodestant
## 1 1
## Progressive Christian Protesdant
## 1 2
## protestan protestant
## 1 8
## Protestant PROTESTANT
## 15 2
## protestant christian Protestant Christian
## 1 1
## Protestant non denomination Protestant Non-Denominational
## 1 1
## Protestantism Protestent
## 1 1
## Protostant Christian prottestant
## 1 1
## Ptotestant Quaker
## 1 3
## Quakers Reformed
## 1 5
## Romanian ortodox Russian Orthodox
## 1 2
## santo Satanic Temple
## 1 1
## satanist scientologist
## 2 1
## sda Seventh Day Adventist
## 1 2
## Seventh day Adventist/protesta Seventh-day Adventist
## 1 2
## Seventh-Day Adventist Shinto
## 1 1
## social darwinist son of God
## 1 1
## spiritual Spiritual
## 2 4
## Spiritual is the closes Spiritual Nondenomenational Ch
## 1 1
## spiritual person spiritualism
## 1 1
## spiritualist spirtual
## 1 1
## sprititual taoist
## 1 1
## The Church of Jesus Christ of TST satanism
## 3 1
## ukrainian catholic Ukrainian Catholic
## 1 2
## United Methodist Unity
## 7 1
## wiccan Wiccan
## 1 7
## witchcraft yogi
## 2 1
## zoroastrian Zoroastrian
## 1 1As can be seen above, column “S5” encodes the religion of the
participant as a number. Numbers correspond to a look-up table
containing labels. Thus, column “S5” is a categorical/nominal variable
(or in R terms, a factor).
Meanwhile, column “S5r15oe” encodes the short-answer response of participants that answered “15” (i.e., “Other (please specify)”) to “S5”. Most participants did not respond to this question, and those that did respond provided custom answers. Thus, column “S5r15oe” is a column of qualitative responses.
Strictly speaking, it is possible to perform quantitative analysis of qualitative data using methods like natural language processing. However, such an analysis is outside the scope of this project. As such, the remainder of this project will focus on quantitative data (i.e., data that can be represented as a number). We will consider continuous, ordinal, and categorical/nominal variables, and we will exclude all qualitative variables.
4. Data preprocessing
The data require preparation for outlier and inferential analyses. Specifically, the data must
- consist of values coercible to numeric (including categorical variables);
- contain no missing values (i.e., no
NAvalues); and - for inferential analyses specifically, contain no outliers.
The first two criteria are discussed below, while the third criterion is deferred to Part 3.
4.1. Select numeric data
We can meet the first criteria by filtering out all columns with data
that cannot be coerced to numeric. Let’s call this new tibble
coviddata_num.
coviddata_num <- coviddata[, which(sapply(coviddata, is.numeric))]4.2. Handling missing data
No missing data are permitted for upcoming analyses. While we could exclude all columns with missing data, this is an indiscriminate approach that limits the breadth of potential associations we will detect. It also could introduce bias if data are not missing at random. Instead, we should investigate the nature of the “missingness” and determine how to handle missing data on a case-by-case basis.
Missing data can be classified into three types:
- missing completely at random (MCAR), meaning that data are missing for reasons unrelated to observed or unobserved variables (e.g., participants randomly skipped questions about smoking status);
- missing at random (MAR), meaning that data are missing for known reasons that are unrelated to the variable of interest (e.g., smokers are less likely to complete a medical history survey vs. non-smokers, but the unobserved responses from missing smokers do not differ from the observed responses from responding smokers); and
- missing not at random (MNAR), meaning that data are missing for reasons related to the variable of interest itself (e.g., smokers with poorer health are less likely to complete a medical history survey, such that the set of responses from responding smokers is not representative of all smokers).
To handle the missing data, we have three options:
- exclude entire variables or cases containing missing data;
- recode
NAvalues to some sensible values; or - impute
NAvalues to ensure all cases are complete.
One option to investigate missingness is via visualization. Figure 1 depicts patterns of missing data in
coviddata_num by plotting NA values on a
heatmap. Yellow cells indicate missing values. Ultimately, our goal will
be to minimize the amount of yellow in this plot.
plot_missing(coviddata_num, title = "Figure 1", subtitle = "Missing values in coviddata_num")
The horizontal yellow stripes suggest that some variables contain mostly missing values. Meanwhile, the vertical banding patterns suggest that some observations are missing by participant across one or more related variables.
Let’s try to untangle the structure of the missingness. We know that
the data were collected at three discrete time points, and each case
belongs to exactly one time point. The columns Timepoint_1,
Timepoint_2, and Timepoint_3 code this
information as dummy variables, using 1 to indicate “yes”
and NA to indicate “no” in the respective column. Since
NA is effectively used to represent a “level” of a binary
variable, let’s convert these NAs to 0s. Then,
let’s plot the missing values while sorting and marking values by
Timepoint.
# Timepoint variables are actually boolean; replace NA with 0 in each Timepoint
coviddata_num[-which(coviddata_num$Timepoint_1 == 1), "Timepoint_1"] <- 0
coviddata_num[-which(coviddata_num$Timepoint_2 == 1), "Timepoint_2"] <- 0
coviddata_num[-which(coviddata_num$Timepoint_3 == 1), "Timepoint_3"] <- 04.2.1. Missing variables by Timepoint
As seen in the figures below, certain variables are completely missing in each Timepoint. This is likely because some questions not were asked at all Timepoints (e.g., researchers added or removed survey questions at later Timepoints). Since these variables are empty, neither recoding nor imputation are possible. We will exclude these variables from further analysis.
The fourth tab shows missing values across the entire dataset after excluding variables completely missing at any Timepoint. Excluding these variables helped, and the amount of yellow in the plot is greatly reduced in Figure 5 compared to Figure 1. However, some missing values remain. Further investigation into the contents of the data with missing values is required.
Timepoint_1
coviddata_num[which(coviddata_num$Timepoint_1 == 1), ] %>% plot_missing(data = ., title = "Figure 2", subtitle = "Missing values in coviddata_num at Timepoint_1")
Timepoint_2
coviddata_num[which(coviddata_num$Timepoint_2 == 1), ] %>% plot_missing(data = ., title = "Figure 3", subtitle = "Missing values in coviddata_num at Timepoint_2")
Timepoint_3
coviddata_num[which(coviddata_num$Timepoint_3 == 1), ] %>% plot_missing(data = ., title = "Figure 4", subtitle = "Missing values in coviddata_num at Timepoint_3")
Variables completely missing by Timepoint excluded
vars_na1 <-
coviddata_num %>%
.[which(.$Timepoint_1 == 1),] %>%
.[, which(sapply(., function(x) all(is.na(x))))] %>%
names()
vars_na2 <-
coviddata_num %>%
.[which(.$Timepoint_2 == 1),] %>%
.[, which(sapply(., function(x) all(is.na(x))))] %>%
names()
vars_na3 <-
coviddata_num %>%
.[which(.$Timepoint_3 == 1),] %>%
.[, which(sapply(., function(x) all(is.na(x))))] %>%
names()
vars_naall <- unique(c(vars_na1, vars_na2, vars_na3))
coviddata_exclNA <- coviddata_num[, -which(names(coviddata_num) %in% vars_naall)]
plot_missing(data = coviddata_exclNA, title = "Figure 5", subtitle = "Missing values excluding completely missing variables by Timepoint")
4.2.2. Recoding values by variable
Yellow cells in Figure 5 indicate that missing values exist in the data. Similarly named variables are grouped together. Yellow vertical bands suggests that some participants did not respond to sets of related questions. The precise reason for missingness is not immediately clear, so we should determine how to handle missing data on a case-by-case basis.
At the same time, data that appear to be complete may still contain
missing values! Recall the output of datadict$S5 printed above. Under $Values, we can see that the
value 99 is used when participants respond with
I'd rather not say. In other words, 99 is an
explicit code for nonresponses in column S5. These and
similar nonresponses (e.g., I don't know,
Prefer not to answer, etc.) essentially function as missing
data in the variable.
Thus, we will review every variable in the dataset and determine whether preprocessing is required.
If NA values exist, we should determine if the
NAs are MCAR, MAR. or MNAR. Variables with NAs
that are MCAR or MAR should be identified, and in the next subsection,
we will impute the missing values.
Meanwhile, NA values that are MNAR should be “repaired”
if the reason for missingness is known. For example, the NA
values in S7C (“Are you temporarily or permanently laid
off?”) are “missing” because these participants answered No
or I'd rather not say to S7B (“Have you been
terminated/laid off because of COVID-19?”). In other words, the
NA values in S7C are meaningful and indicate
that the question is “Not applicable” to the participant. We should
explicitly encode this type of “Not applicable” information as a level
of the variable where possible (e.g., label as 0).
This screening process will also give us an opportunity to classify each variable as either categorical, ordinal, or continuous. The variable type is important to identify, as it affects methods for imputation and preprocessing of correspondence analysis data.
Let’s generate a data dictionary of extant variables from
coviddata_exclNA (which excludes empty variables identified
in the previous section). Then, let’s review the output of
datadict_exclNA.
datadict_exclNA <- sapply(coviddata_exclNA, get_var_info, simplify = F)
# At some point I'll figure out a more elegant solution for displaying the data dictionary through Shiny; for now, just print the entire object out.
print(datadict_exclNA)## $Primary_Case
## $Primary_Case$Question
## NULL
##
## $Primary_Case$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $Primary_Case$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 392 7678
##
##
## $Timepoint_1
## $Timepoint_1$Question
## [1] "Timepoint_1: Survey timepoint 1"
##
## $Timepoint_1$Values
## T1
## 1
##
## $Timepoint_1$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 7051 1019
##
##
## $Timepoint_2
## $Timepoint_2$Question
## [1] "Timepoint_2: Survey timepoint 2"
##
## $Timepoint_2$Values
## T2
## 1
##
## $Timepoint_2$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 4043 4027
##
##
## $Timepoint_3
## $Timepoint_3$Question
## [1] "Timepoint_3: Survey timepoint 3"
##
## $Timepoint_3$Values
## T3
## 1
##
## $Timepoint_3$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 5046 3024
##
##
## $S2
## $S2$Question
## [1] "S2: In what year were you born?"
##
## $S2$Values
## 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915
## 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915
## 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931
## 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931
## 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947
## 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947
## 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963
## 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963
## 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
## 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
## 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
## 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
## 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
## 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
## 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
## 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
##
## $S2$Table
## x
## 1919 1923 1926 1928 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941
## 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 8 3 20 10 11 23 28 30 40
## 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957
## 56 44 63 81 83 106 110 120 153 130 119 144 142 145 163 131
## 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
## 111 132 159 141 127 138 89 157 130 135 126 134 166 122 128 104
## 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
## 118 127 119 123 126 113 215 125 101 109 111 183 177 205 200 172
## 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
## 230 161 139 122 105 142 124 118 97 121 144 96 71
##
##
## $S3
## $S3$Question
## [1] "S3: Are you..."
##
## $S3$Values
## Male Female Intersex
## 1 2 3
## Trans-Female to Male Trans-Male to Female Other (specify)
## 4 5 6
## Prefer not to answer I do not know
## 7 8
##
## $S3$Table
## x
## 1 2 4 5 6 7 8
## 3955 4080 8 7 12 7 1
##
##
## $S4
## $S4$Question
## [1] "S4: Which one of the following racial or ethnic groups best describes you?"
##
## $S4$Values
## Indigenous, including Native American, American Indian, First Nations, Inuit or Métis
## 1
## Black/African Canadian/American
## 2
## Caribbean
## 3
## Chinese
## 4
## Eastern European
## 5
## Hispanic
## 6
## Japanese
## 7
## Korean
## 8
## Middle Eastern
## 9
## Filipino
## 10
## South American
## 11
## White / Caucasian
## 12
## Indian (South Asian)
## 13
## Pakistani (South Asian)
## 14
## Other (please specify)
## 15
## I'd rather not say
## 99
##
## $S4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 99
## 80 364 91 613 147 530 103 58 57 95 36 5377 169 29 211 110
##
##
## $S5
## $S5$Question
## [1] "S5: What is your religion?"
##
## $S5$Values
## No religion Roman Catholic United Church
## 1 2 3
## Anglican Baptist Lutheran
## 4 5 6
## Muslim Presbyterian Pentecostal
## 7 8 9
## Jewish Buddhist Hindu
## 10 11 12
## Sikh Greek Orthodox Other (please specify)
## 13 14 15
## I'd rather not say
## 99
##
## $S5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 99
## 2516 2100 291 205 376 182 183 206 170 563 160 78 26 72 584 358
##
##
## $S10A
## $S10A$Question
## [1] "S10A: What is the highest level of education you’ve completed?"
##
## $S10A$Values
## Some high school or less
## 1
## Completed high school
## 2
## Some university/college or technical school
## 3
## Completed college/technical school
## 4
## Undergraduate or University degree
## 5
## Post graduate or higher
## 6
##
## $S10A$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 136 962 1303 1827 2020 1822
##
##
## $S11A
## $S11A$Question
## [1] "S11A: What is the highest level of education your father completed?"
##
## $S11A$Values
## Some high school or less
## 1
## Completed high school
## 2
## Some university/college or technical school
## 3
## Completed college/technical school
## 4
## Undergraduate or University degree
## 5
## Post graduate or higher
## 6
## Don't know
## 99
##
## $S11A$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 99
## 877 1494 821 1239 1537 1444 658
##
##
## $S11C
## $S11C$Question
## [1] "S11C: What is the highest level of education your mother completed?"
##
## $S11C$Values
## Some high school or less
## 1
## Completed high school
## 2
## Some university/college or technical school
## 3
## Completed college/technical school
## 4
## Undergraduate or University degree
## 5
## Post graduate or higher
## 6
## Don’t know
## 99
##
## $S11C$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 99
## 914 2122 865 1155 1301 905 808
##
##
## $S6A
## $S6A$Question
## [1] "S6A: Are you currently..."
##
## $S6A$Values
## Married or living with partner Single
## 1 2
## Widowed, divorced or separated
## 3
##
## $S6A$Table
## x
## 1 2 3
## 4575 2587 908
##
##
## $S6B
## $S6B$Question
## [1] "S6B: How would you describe your dwelling?"
##
## $S6B$Values
## House with a backyard
## 1
## House without a backyard
## 2
## Apartment/condominium/loft with no or small private outdoor space
## 3
## Apartment/condominium/loft with a large private outdoor space
## 4
## Senior's residence
## 5
## Long-term care facility/Nursing home
## 6
## Other (please specify)
## 7
## I'd rather not say
## 99
##
## $S6B$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 99
## 5022 255 1978 603 41 10 84 77
##
##
## $S6D
## $S6D$Question
## [1] "S6D: Are you a health care worker?"
##
## $S6D$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $S6D$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 6931 1139
##
##
## $S6E
## $S6E$Question
## [1] "S6E: Do you work in a hospital or long-term care facility?"
##
## $S6E$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $S6E$Table
## x
## 0 1 <NA>
## 593 546 6931
##
##
## $S7A
## $S7A$Question
## [1] "S7A: What is your current employment status?"
##
## $S7A$Values
## Unemployed Employed Student
## 0 1 2
## Retired Other (please specify) I'd rather not say
## 3 4 99
##
## $S7A$Table
## x
## 0 1 2 3 4 99
## 925 4596 409 1749 314 77
##
##
## $S7B
## $S7B$Question
## [1] "S7B: Have you been terminated/laid off because of COVID-19?"
##
## $S7B$Values
## No Yes I'd rather not say
## 0 1 99
##
## $S7B$Table
## x
## 0 1 99
## 6829 1148 93
##
##
## $S7C
## $S7C$Question
## [1] "S7C: Are you temporarily or permanently laid off?"
##
## $S7C$Values
## Not applicable Temporarily laid off Permanently laid off
## 0 1 2
## I'd rather not say
## 99
##
## $S7C$Table
## x
## 0 1 2 99 <NA>
## 156 699 263 30 6922
##
##
## $Provinces_Canada
## $Provinces_Canada$Question
## [1] "Provinces_Canada"
##
## $Provinces_Canada$Values
## Alberta British Columbia
## 1 2
## Manitoba New Brunswick
## 3 4
## Newfoundland and Labrador Northwest, Nunavut or Yukon territories
## 5 6
## Nova Scotia Ontario
## 7 8
## Prince Edward Island Quebec
## 9 10
## Saskatchewan Somewhere else/Not currently in Canada
## 11 12
##
## $Provinces_Canada$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 <NA>
## 394 535 131 75 63 112 1315 10 109 5326
##
##
## $S1B
## $S1B$Question
## [1] "S1B: What is the population of your area?"
##
## $S1B$Values
## Population of 100,000 or more Population between 30,000 and 99,999
## 1 2
## Population between 1,000 and 29,999 Population of 1,000 or less
## 3 4
## I am not sure
## 5
##
## $S1B$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 <NA>
## 4910 1303 802 213 738 104
##
##
## $S6Fr1
## $S6Fr1$Question
## [1] "S6Fr1: Including yourself, how many people are currently living in your household?"
##
## $S6Fr1$Values
## NULL
##
## $S6Fr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21 29 55 <NA>
## 1749 2813 1497 1316 410 111 49 7 4 4 2 1 1 106
##
##
## $S6Gr1
## $S6Gr1$Question
## [1] "S6Gr1: Under 6 years old: - How many children in each of the following categories live in your household?"
##
## $S6Gr1$Values
## NULL
##
## $S6Gr1$Table
## x
## 0 1 2 3 4 20 <NA>
## 5175 619 112 10 1 1 2152
##
##
## $S6Gr2
## $S6Gr2$Question
## [1] "S6Gr2: 6-12 years old: - How many children in each of the following categories live in your household?"
##
## $S6Gr2$Values
## NULL
##
## $S6Gr2$Table
## x
## 0 1 2 3 4 <NA>
## 4732 894 266 21 5 2152
##
##
## $S6Gr3
## $S6Gr3$Question
## [1] "S6Gr3: 13-17 years old: - How many children in each of the following categories live in your household?"
##
## $S6Gr3$Values
## NULL
##
## $S6Gr3$Table
## x
## 0 1 2 3 <NA>
## 4887 874 147 10 2152
##
##
## $S6H
## $S6H$Question
## [1] "S6H: What is the total household income you and other members of your household received in the year ending December 31st, 2020 before taxes? Please include income FROM ALL SOURCES such as savings, pensions, rent, and unemployment insurance as well as wag"
##
## $S6H$Values
## less than $20,000 $20,000 - $39,999 $40,000 - $59,999 $60,000 - $79,999
## 1 2 3 4
## $80,000 - $99,999 $100,000 - $119,999 $120,000 - $139,999 $140,000 or more
## 5 6 7 8
## I'd rather not say
## 99
##
## $S6H$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99
## 517 927 1047 1128 1044 813 547 1537 510
##
##
## $S8x1S8A
## $S8x1S8A$Question
## [1] "S8x1S8A: My income is reduced due to COVID-19. - Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:"
##
## $S8x1S8A$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $S8x1S8A$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2418 1556 1332 1599 1165
##
##
## $S8x1S8B
## $S8x1S8B$Question
## [1] "S8x1S8B: I am in financial distress. - Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:"
##
## $S8x1S8B$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $S8x1S8B$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2499 2095 1681 1192 603
##
##
## $S8x1S8C
## $S8x1S8C$Question
## [1] "S8x1S8C: I am having trouble making ends meet. - Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:"
##
## $S8x1S8C$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $S8x1S8C$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2648 2140 1598 1109 575
##
##
## $S8D
## $S8D$Question
## [1] "S8D: Did you receive Government stimulus check(s)?"
##
## $S8D$Values
## No Yes I'd rather not say
## 0 1 99
##
## $S8D$Table
## x
## 0 1 99
## 3823 4092 155
##
##
## $S8F
## $S8F$Question
## [1] "S8F: Did you receive or are you currently receiving some form of employment insurance?"
##
## $S8F$Values
## No Yes I'd rather not say
## 0 1 99
##
## $S8F$Table
## x
## 0 1 99
## 6673 1270 127
##
##
## $S15r99
## $S15r99$Question
## [1] "S15r99: To the best of your recollection, how many standard drinks containing alcohol have you had in the past 7 days? (please assume 1 standard drink = 1.5oz of spirits or 12oz bottle of beer or 5oz glass of wine)."
##
## $S15r99$Values
## NULL
##
## $S15r99$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
## 366 516 419 352 348 175 230 95 38 198 5 111 4 109 51 16
## 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 33 35 36
## 5 15 1 53 35 3 3 14 18 3 12 1 19 1 3 2
## 40 42 45 48 50 56 60 70 75 80 81 84 98 99 <NA>
## 7 2 1 1 7 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4818
##
##
## $noanswerS15_r0
## $noanswerS15_r0$Question
## [1] "noanswerS15_r0: To the best of your recollection, how many standard drinks containing alcohol have you had in the past 7 days? (please assume 1 standard drink = 1.5oz of spirits or 12oz bottle of beer or 5oz glass of wine).: I don’t currently drink - No"
##
## $noanswerS15_r0$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS15_r0$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 5221 2849
##
##
## $noanswerS15_r1
## $noanswerS15_r1$Question
## [1] "noanswerS15_r1: To the best of your recollection, how many standard drinks containing alcohol have you had in the past 7 days? (please assume 1 standard drink = 1.5oz of spirits or 12oz bottle of beer or 5oz glass of wine).: Less than one per week - No An"
##
## $noanswerS15_r1$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS15_r1$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 6474 1596
##
##
## $noanswerS15_r2
## $noanswerS15_r2$Question
## [1] "noanswerS15_r2: To the best of your recollection, how many standard drinks containing alcohol have you had in the past 7 days? (please assume 1 standard drink = 1.5oz of spirits or 12oz bottle of beer or 5oz glass of wine).: Not sure/It depends - No Answe"
##
## $noanswerS15_r2$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS15_r2$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 7697 373
##
##
## $S16A
## $S16A$Question
## [1] "S16A: Do you use cannabis/marijuana products?"
##
## $S16A$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $S16A$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 6578 1492
##
##
## $S16B
## $S16B$Question
## [1] "S16B: Please select a cannabis/marijuana product that you use most often."
##
## $S16B$Values
## Marijuana – oral/edible
## 1
## Marijuana – inhaled/smoked
## 2
## Hashish oil
## 3
## Synthetic cannabinoids/marijuana (K2 or spice)
## 4
## Other
## 99
##
## $S16B$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 99 <NA>
## 480 812 37 22 141 6578
##
##
## $S16Cr99
## $S16Cr99$Question
## [1] "S16Cr99: To the best of your recollection, how much cannabis/marijuana product(s) did you use in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume: 1 Standard Cannabis Unit (SCU) = ¼ gram 1 paper joint/blunt = 1 SCU 1 skinny paper joint/bl"
##
## $S16Cr99$Values
## NULL
##
## $S16Cr99$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 16 20 21
## 185 110 65 63 52 12 37 16 2 21 9 8 8 4 11 2
## 22 24 25 28 30 32 39 40 42 45 47 50 55 56 57 65
## 1 2 3 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
## 70 84 99 <NA>
## 2 1 2 7430
##
##
## $noanswerS16C_r1
## $noanswerS16C_r1$Question
## [1] "noanswerS16C_r1: To the best of your recollection, how much cannabis/marijuana product(s) did you use in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume: 1 Standard Cannabis Unit (SCU) = ¼ gram 1 paper joint/blunt = 1 SCU 1 skinny paper"
##
## $noanswerS16C_r1$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS16C_r1$Table
## x
## 0 1 <NA>
## 1001 491 6578
##
##
## $noanswerS16C_r2
## $noanswerS16C_r2$Question
## [1] "noanswerS16C_r2: To the best of your recollection, how much cannabis/marijuana product(s) did you use in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume: 1 Standard Cannabis Unit (SCU) = ¼ gram 1 paper joint/blunt = 1 SCU 1 skinny paper"
##
## $noanswerS16C_r2$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS16C_r2$Table
## x
## 0 1 <NA>
## 1131 361 6578
##
##
## $S17Ar99
## $S17Ar99$Question
## [1] "S17Ar99: To the best of your recollection, how many cigarettes did you smoke in the past seven days?"
##
## $S17Ar99$Values
## NULL
##
## $S17Ar99$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
## 25 39 44 36 62 24 46 13 11 56 4 25 2 20 49 1
## 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 32 33 35
## 1 4 3 73 20 1 3 4 28 3 7 1 44 3 1 36
## 36 40 42 43 45 49 50 55 56 60 65 70 72 75 77 78
## 1 33 5 1 5 1 56 3 2 23 3 71 2 10 1 1
## 79 80 84 85 88 90 95 98 99 100 105 110 120 125 133 140
## 1 24 4 3 1 14 3 2 62 28 3 1 8 1 1 23
## 150 175 200 210 250 300 320 <NA>
## 3 1 10 1 1 1 1 6966
##
##
## $noanswerS17A_r0
## $noanswerS17A_r0$Question
## [1] "noanswerS17A_r0: To the best of your recollection, how many cigarettes did you smoke in the past seven days?: I don’t currently smoke - No Answer"
##
## $noanswerS17A_r0$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS17A_r0$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 1706 6364
##
##
## $noanswerS17A_r1
## $noanswerS17A_r1$Question
## [1] "noanswerS17A_r1: To the best of your recollection, how many cigarettes did you smoke in the past seven days?: Less than one per day - No Answer"
##
## $noanswerS17A_r1$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS17A_r1$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 7758 312
##
##
## $noanswerS17A_r2
## $noanswerS17A_r2$Question
## [1] "noanswerS17A_r2: To the best of your recollection, how many cigarettes did you smoke in the past seven days?: Not sure/It depends - No Answer"
##
## $noanswerS17A_r2$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS17A_r2$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 7780 290
##
##
## $S17Br99
## $S17Br99$Question
## [1] "S17Br99: To the best of your recollection, how many times did you use electronic cigarette/vape in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume one “time” consists of around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 minutes."
##
## $S17Br99$Values
## NULL
##
## $S17Br99$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
## 58 78 63 41 88 25 47 21 4 52 5 22 3 9 38 1
## 20 21 22 25 28 30 31 35 39 40 41 42 50 60 65 70
## 27 5 1 7 1 13 1 5 1 6 1 1 13 3 1 4
## 75 80 85 99 100 150 200 750 <NA>
## 2 2 1 8 4 1 2 1 7404
##
##
## $noanswerS17B_r0
## $noanswerS17B_r0$Question
## [1] "noanswerS17B_r0: To the best of your recollection, how many times did you use electronic cigarette/vape in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume one “time” consists of around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 minutes. : I don’t"
##
## $noanswerS17B_r0$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS17B_r0$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 1207 6863
##
##
## $noanswerS17B_r1
## $noanswerS17B_r1$Question
## [1] "noanswerS17B_r1: To the best of your recollection, how many times did you use electronic cigarette/vape in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume one “time” consists of around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 minutes. : Less than"
##
## $noanswerS17B_r1$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS17B_r1$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 7741 329
##
##
## $noanswerS17B_r2
## $noanswerS17B_r2$Question
## [1] "noanswerS17B_r2: To the best of your recollection, how many times did you use electronic cigarette/vape in the past seven days? In answering these questions, please assume one “time” consists of around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 minutes. : Not sure/I"
##
## $noanswerS17B_r2$Values
## Not selected Selected
## 0 1
##
## $noanswerS17B_r2$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 7858 212
##
##
## $CVSQ1
## $CVSQ1$Question
## [1] "CVSQ1: What is your main source of health information?"
##
## $CVSQ1$Values
## Friends or family Doctor Social media
## 1 2 3
## Internet Radio/Podcast Newspaper
## 4 5 6
## Magazines Television Other, please specify
## 7 8 9
##
## $CVSQ1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 416 2133 541 2191 210 404 31 1972 172
##
##
## $C1
## $C1$Question
## [1] "C1: Have you been tested (e.g., nasopharyngeal, nasal or throat swab) for COVID-19?"
##
## $C1$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $C1$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 2147 5923
##
##
## $C1AA
## $C1AA$Question
## [1] "C1AA: When did you get tested for COVID-19? Choose the most recent if you have been tested on multiple occasions"
##
## $C1AA$Values
## NULL
##
## $C1AA$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 99 <NA>
## 310 391 1427 19 5923
##
##
## $C1B
## $C1B$Question
## [1] "C1B: Please indicate the type of testing:"
##
## $C1B$Values
## Nasopharyngeal, nasal or throat swab Blood testing
## 1 2
## Saliva testing Other, please specify
## 3 4
##
## $C1B$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 <NA>
## 1862 246 5 34 5923
##
##
## $C1C
## $C1C$Question
## [1] "C1C: Was COVID-19 detectable?"
##
## $C1C$Values
## Yes No Results pending
## 1 2 3
##
## $C1C$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 <NA>
## 372 1724 51 5923
##
##
## $C2
## $C2$Question
## [1] "C2: Have you had contact (less than 6 feet or 2 meters apart) with someone who is COVID-19 positive for greater than 15 minutes without the COVID-19 positive individual wearing a mask in the past two weeks?"
##
## $C2$Values
## Yes No I am not sure
## 1 2 3
##
## $C2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3
## 575 6544 951
##
##
## $RF1r1
## $RF1r1$Question
## [1] "RF1r1: Heart disease - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r1$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r1$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 416 7654
##
##
## $RF1r2
## $RF1r2$Question
## [1] "RF1r2: Hypertension (high blood pressure) - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r2$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r2$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 1794 6276
##
##
## $RF1r3
## $RF1r3$Question
## [1] "RF1r3: Lung disease - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r3$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r3$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 297 7773
##
##
## $RF1r4
## $RF1r4$Question
## [1] "RF1r4: Diabetes - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r4$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r4$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 962 7108
##
##
## $RF1r5
## $RF1r5$Question
## [1] "RF1r5: Cancer - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r5$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r5$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 262 7808
##
##
## $RF1r6
## $RF1r6$Question
## [1] "RF1r6: Chronic kidney disease - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r6$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r6$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 134 7936
##
##
## $RF1r7
## $RF1r7$Question
## [1] "RF1r7: Obesity - Do you have any of the following conditions?"
##
## $RF1r7$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF1r7$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 1013 7057
##
##
## $RF2
## $RF2$Question
## [1] "RF2: Do you have a weakened immune system from a medical condition or treatment, such as chemotherapy?"
##
## $RF2$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $RF2$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 739 7331
##
##
## $ASr1
## $ASr1$Question
## [1] "ASr1: Do you have a fever, chills or shakes? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr1$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr1$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 314 7756
##
##
## $ASr2
## $ASr2$Question
## [1] "ASr2: Do you have a new or worsening cough? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr2$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr2$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 268 7802
##
##
## $ASr3
## $ASr3$Question
## [1] "ASr3: Do you have shortness of breath or difficulty breathing? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr3$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr3$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 400 7670
##
##
## $ASr4
## $ASr4$Question
## [1] "ASr4: Do you feel tired or fatigued? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr4$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr4$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 1225 6845
##
##
## $ASr5
## $ASr5$Question
## [1] "ASr5: Have you lost your appetite? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr5$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr5$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 345 7725
##
##
## $ASr6
## $ASr6$Question
## [1] "ASr6: Do you have muscle aches and pains? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr6$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr6$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 871 7199
##
##
## $ASr7
## $ASr7$Question
## [1] "ASr7: Do you have nasal congestion or a runny nose? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr7$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr7$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 757 7313
##
##
## $ASr8
## $ASr8$Question
## [1] "ASr8: Do you have a sore throat? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr8$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr8$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 342 7728
##
##
## $ASr9
## $ASr9$Question
## [1] "ASr9: Do you have excessive sputum production? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr9$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr9$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 220 7850
##
##
## $ASr10
## $ASr10$Question
## [1] "ASr10: Have you recently lost your sense of smell? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr10$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr10$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 197 7873
##
##
## $ASr11
## $ASr11$Question
## [1] "ASr11: Have you recently lost your sense of taste? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr11$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr11$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 211 7859
##
##
## $ASr12
## $ASr12$Question
## [1] "ASr12: Have you recently had diarrhea or other digestive symptoms? - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr12$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr12$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 495 7575
##
##
## $ASr13
## $ASr13$Question
## [1] "ASr13: Other, please specify - Please indicate if you currently have any of the following symptoms."
##
## $ASr13$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $ASr13$Table
## x
## 1 2
## 121 7949
##
##
## $SPFQr1
## $SPFQr1$Question
## [1] "SPFQr1: I am able to comply with government recommendations to avoid groups - How feasible is it for you currently to comply with government recommendations to practice social (physical) distancing?"
##
## $SPFQr1$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $SPFQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 145 122 695 2231 4877
##
##
## $SPFQr2
## $SPFQr2$Question
## [1] "SPFQr2: I am able to remain 6 feet away from other people in the community - How feasible is it for you currently to comply with government recommendations to practice social (physical) distancing?"
##
## $SPFQr2$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $SPFQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 117 166 750 2543 4494
##
##
## $SPFQr3
## $SPFQr3$Question
## [1] "SPFQr3: I am able to keep a distance from people at risk, such as older adults and those in poor health - How feasible is it for you currently to comply with government recommendations to practice social (physical) distancing?"
##
## $SPFQr3$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $SPFQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 116 119 732 2252 4851
##
##
## $SPQr1
## $SPQr1$Question
## [1] "SPQr1: Do you stay at home unless you have to go to work? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr1$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 273 314 1195 2943 3345
##
##
## $SPQr2
## $SPQr2$Question
## [1] "SPQr2: Do you avoid all non-essential trips in your community? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr2$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 185 332 1306 2673 3574
##
##
## $SPQr3
## $SPQr3$Question
## [1] "SPQr3: If you leave your home, do you keep a distance of at least 2 arm's length (approximately 2 metres or 6 feet) from others? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19"
##
## $SPQr3$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 99 151 914 2636 4270
##
##
## $SPQr4
## $SPQr4$Question
## [1] "SPQr4: Do you limit close contact with people at high risk, such as older adults and those in poor health? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr4$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 128 202 808 2111 4821
##
##
## $SPQr5
## $SPQr5$Question
## [1] "SPQr5: Do you avoid crowded places and non-essential gatherings with persons outside of your household (people you live with)? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 p"
##
## $SPQr5$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 134 202 812 1942 4980
##
##
## $SPQr6
## $SPQr6$Question
## [1] "SPQr6: Do you avoid common greetings, such as handshakes (or hugging and kissing)? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr6$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 136 168 751 1591 5424
##
##
## $SPQr7
## $SPQr7$Question
## [1] "SPQr7: Do you wash or disinfect your hands often? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr7$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 84 142 826 2019 4999
##
##
## $SPQr8
## $SPQr8$Question
## [1] "SPQr8: Do you wash or disinfect your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the washroom and when preparing food? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others"
##
## $SPQr8$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 100 191 855 2103 4821
##
##
## $SPQr9
## $SPQr9$Question
## [1] "SPQr9: Do you cough or sneeze into a tissue or the bend of your arm? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr9$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 137 142 810 1880 5101
##
##
## $SPQr10
## $SPQr10$Question
## [1] "SPQr10: Do you avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands? - Please indicate if you are currently following the recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others during the COVID-19 pandemic:"
##
## $SPQr10$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 124 315 1535 2822 3274
##
##
## $SPQ11A
## $SPQ11A$Question
## [1] "SPQ11A: Do you exercise?"
##
## $SPQ11A$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQ11A$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 477 1238 2760 2281 1314
##
##
## $SPQ11B
## $SPQ11B$Question
## [1] "SPQ11B: Do you currently leave your home to exercise?"
##
## $SPQ11B$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQ11B$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 <NA>
## 2515 1346 1829 1108 795 477
##
##
## $SPQ11C
## $SPQ11C$Question
## [1] "SPQ11C: When you go out to exercise, do you stay close to home?"
##
## $SPQ11C$Values
## Never Rarely Sometimes Very often Always
## 1 2 3 4 5
##
## $SPQ11C$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 <NA>
## 56 256 1033 1685 2048 2992
##
##
## $CVSQ2
## $CVSQ2$Question
## [1] "CVSQ2: What do you believe is the origin of COVID-19?"
##
## $CVSQ2$Values
## It came about naturally likely from animals to humans
## 1
## It was developed intentionally in a lab
## 2
## It was made accidentally in a lab
## 3
## It doesn't really exist
## 4
## Other, please specify
## 5
##
## $CVSQ2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 5041 1701 710 102 516
##
##
## $CVSQ2b
## $CVSQ2b$Question
## [1] "CVSQ2b: The government’s messaging suggests social distancing measures will be discontinued in the near future. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree."
##
## $CVSQ2b$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CVSQ2b$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 <NA>
## 2000 1904 1931 1323 808 104
##
##
## $CVSQ3
## $CVSQ3$Question
## [1] "CVSQ3: Do you have someone close to you, such as a family member or a friend, who has had COVID-19? What is/was their outcome?"
##
## $CVSQ3$Values
## No, I don't know anyone affected by COVID-19
## 0
## Mild
## 1
## Moderate-to-severe without hospitalization
## 2
## Moderate-to-severe with hospitalization
## 3
## Required admission to an intensive care unit
## 4
## Deceased
## 5
##
## $CVSQ3$Table
## x
## 0 1 2 3 4 5
## 4967 1110 961 438 193 401
##
##
## $CVSQCVSQ4
## $CVSQCVSQ4$Question
## [1] "CVSQCVSQ4: Do you have someone close to you, such as a family member or a friend, who is a health care worker? - "
##
## $CVSQCVSQ4$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $CVSQCVSQ4$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 4967 3103
##
##
## $CVSQCVSQ5
## $CVSQCVSQ5$Question
## [1] "CVSQCVSQ5: Do you have someone close to you, such as a family member or a friend, who is elderly (greater than 60 years) or has an underlying health condition putting them at higher risk for a negative health outcome due to COVID-19? - "
##
## $CVSQCVSQ5$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $CVSQCVSQ5$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 2993 5077
##
##
## $CVSQCVSQ6
## $CVSQCVSQ6$Question
## [1] "CVSQCVSQ6: Do you have someone close to you, such as a family member or a friend, who lives in a senior’s residence? - "
##
## $CVSQCVSQ6$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $CVSQCVSQ6$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 6380 1690
##
##
## $CVSQCVSQ7
## $CVSQCVSQ7$Question
## [1] "CVSQCVSQ7: Do you have someone close to you, such as a family member or a friend, who lives in a long-term care (i.e. nursing) home? - "
##
## $CVSQCVSQ7$Values
## No Yes
## 0 1
##
## $CVSQCVSQ7$Table
## x
## 0 1
## 6660 1410
##
##
## $SSSQr1
## $SSSQr1$Question
## [1] "SSSQr1: I am easily influenced by other people's opinions - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr1$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3486 2282 1473 491 338
##
##
## $SSSQr2
## $SSSQr2$Question
## [1] "SSSQr2: I can be influenced by a good commercial - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr2$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2863 2496 1706 725 280
##
##
## $SSSQr3
## $SSSQr3$Question
## [1] "SSSQr3: When someone coughs or sneezes, I usually feel the urge to do the same - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr3$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 4734 1262 1282 529 263
##
##
## $SSSQr4
## $SSSQr4$Question
## [1] "SSSQr4: Imagining a refreshing drink can make me thirsty - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr4$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1886 2126 2281 1272 505
##
##
## $SSSQr5
## $SSSQr5$Question
## [1] "SSSQr5: A good salesperson can really make me want their product - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr5$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2355 2256 2114 934 411
##
##
## $SSSQr6
## $SSSQr6$Question
## [1] "SSSQr6: I get a lot of good practical advice from magazines or TV - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr6$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2389 2310 2069 956 346
##
##
## $SSSQr7
## $SSSQr7$Question
## [1] "SSSQr7: If a product is nicely displayed, I usually want to buy it - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr7$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3066 2107 1747 787 363
##
##
## $SSSQr8
## $SSSQr8$Question
## [1] "SSSQr8: When I see someone shiver, I often feel a chill myself - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr8$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 4214 1567 1340 654 295
##
##
## $SSSQr9
## $SSSQr9$Question
## [1] "SSSQr9: I get my style from certain celebrities - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr9$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 5002 960 1127 671 310
##
##
## $SSSQr10
## $SSSQr10$Question
## [1] "SSSQr10: When people tell me how they feel, I often notice that I feel the same way - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr10$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3843 1734 1472 712 309
##
##
## $SSSQr11
## $SSSQr11$Question
## [1] "SSSQr11: When making a decision, I often follow other people's advice - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr11$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2480 2604 1924 733 329
##
##
## $SSSQr12
## $SSSQr12$Question
## [1] "SSSQr12: Reading descriptions of tasty dishes can make my mouth water - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr12$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1661 2083 2232 1461 633
##
##
## $SSSQr13
## $SSSQr13$Question
## [1] "SSSQr13: I get many good ideas from others - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr13$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr13$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 935 2181 2912 1517 525
##
##
## $SSSQr14
## $SSSQr14$Question
## [1] "SSSQr14: I frequently change my opinions after talking with others - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr14$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr14$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2395 2718 1931 735 291
##
##
## $SSSQr15
## $SSSQr15$Question
## [1] "SSSQr15: After I see a commercial for lotion, sometimes my skin feels dry - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr15$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr15$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 5171 936 1142 515 306
##
##
## $SSSQr16
## $SSSQr16$Question
## [1] "SSSQr16: I discovered many of my favorite things through my friends - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr16$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr16$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1959 2200 2296 1209 406
##
##
## $SSSQr17
## $SSSQr17$Question
## [1] "SSSQr17: I follow current fashion trends - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr17$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr17$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3796 1517 1476 835 446
##
##
## $SSSQr18
## $SSSQr18$Question
## [1] "SSSQr18: Thinking about something scary can make my heart pound - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr18$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr18$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2681 1969 1848 1112 460
##
##
## $SSSQr19
## $SSSQr19$Question
## [1] "SSSQr19: I have picked-up many habits from my friends - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr19$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr19$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3160 2014 1728 803 365
##
##
## $SSSQr20
## $SSSQr20$Question
## [1] "SSSQr20: If I am told I don't look well, I start feeling ill - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr20$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr20$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 4816 1220 1138 616 280
##
##
## $SSSQr21
## $SSSQr21$Question
## [1] "SSSQr21: It is important for me to fit in - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $SSSQr21$Values
## Not at all or very slightly A little
## 1 2
## Somewhat Quite a bit
## 3 4
## A lot
## 5
##
## $SSSQr21$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2193 1928 2323 1070 556
##
##
## $RQr1
## $RQr1$Question
## [1] "RQr1: Safety first - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. Please do not think too long before answering, usually your first inclination is also the best one."
##
## $RQr1$Values
## Totally disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Totally agree9
## 9
##
## $RQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 59 31 42 101 486 541 1352 1550 3908
##
##
## $RQr2
## $RQr2$Question
## [1] "RQr2: I do not take risks with my health - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. Please do not think too long before answering, usually your first inclination is also the best one."
##
## $RQr2$Values
## Totally disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Totally agree9
## 9
##
## $RQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 103 87 156 252 759 858 1571 1728 2556
##
##
## $RQr3
## $RQr3$Question
## [1] "RQr3: I prefer to avoid risks - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. Please do not think too long before answering, usually your first inclination is also the best one."
##
## $RQr3$Values
## Totally disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Totally agree9
## 9
##
## $RQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 102 96 180 260 874 868 1570 1609 2511
##
##
## $RQr4
## $RQr4$Question
## [1] "RQr4: I take risks regularly - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. Please do not think too long before answering, usually your first inclination is also the best one."
##
## $RQr4$Values
## Totally disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Totally agree9
## 9
##
## $RQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 1921 1203 983 720 1173 677 575 421 397
##
##
## $RQr5
## $RQr5$Question
## [1] "RQr5: I really dislike not knowing what is going to happen - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. Please do not think too long before answering, usually your first inclination is also the best one."
##
## $RQr5$Values
## Totally disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Totally agree9
## 9
##
## $RQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 326 223 311 379 1492 1010 1366 1252 1711
##
##
## $RQr6
## $RQr6$Question
## [1] "RQr6: I usually view risks as a challenge - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements. Please do not think too long before answering, usually your first inclination is also the best one."
##
## $RQr6$Values
## Totally disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Totally agree9
## 9
##
## $RQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 1060 629 640 728 1671 1096 999 635 612
##
##
## $RQ7
## $RQ7$Question
## [1] "RQ7: I view myself as a"
##
## $RQ7$Values
## Risk Avoider 1 2 3 4 5
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 6 7 8 Risk Seeker9
## 6 7 8 9
##
## $RQ7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 1382 995 1147 784 1586 991 692 269 224
##
##
## $PVDr1
## $PVDr1$Question
## [1] "PVDr1: It really bothers me when people sneeze without covering their mouths. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr1$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 154 112 174 652 832 1234 3891 1021
##
##
## $PVDr2
## $PVDr2$Question
## [1] "PVDr2: If an illness is 'going around', I will get it. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr2$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 1272 1347 1011 1577 910 544 388 1021
##
##
## $PVDr3
## $PVDr3$Question
## [1] "PVDr3: I am comfortable sharing a water bottle with a friend. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr3$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 2665 960 670 1009 732 559 454 1021
##
##
## $PVDr4
## $PVDr4$Question
## [1] "PVDr4: I don't like to write with a pencil someone else has obviously chewed on. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr4$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 612 354 455 975 990 1115 2548 1021
##
##
## $PVDr5
## $PVDr5$Question
## [1] "PVDr5: My past experiences make me believe I am not likely to get sick even when my friends are sick. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr5$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 865 682 847 1958 1127 890 680 1021
##
##
## $PVDr6
## $PVDr6$Question
## [1] "PVDr6: I have a history of susceptibility to infectious diseases. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr6$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 2461 1322 707 1036 646 493 384 1021
##
##
## $PVDr7
## $PVDr7$Question
## [1] "PVDr7: I prefer to wash my hands pretty soon after shaking someone's hand. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr7$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 449 506 658 1374 1085 1159 1818 1021
##
##
## $PVDr8
## $PVDr8$Question
## [1] "PVDr8: In general, I am very susceptible to colds, flu, and other infectious diseases. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr8$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 1615 1323 881 1352 819 596 463 1021
##
##
## $PVDr9
## $PVDr9$Question
## [1] "PVDr9: I dislike wearing used clothes because you don't know what the past person who wore it was like. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr9$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 1120 829 660 1285 831 914 1410 1021
##
##
## $PVDr10
## $PVDr10$Question
## [1] "PVDr10: I am more likely than the people around me to catch an infectious disease. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr10$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 2162 1304 775 1216 730 481 381 1021
##
##
## $PVDr11
## $PVDr11$Question
## [1] "PVDr11: My hands do not feel dirty after touching money. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr11$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 1406 942 844 1377 957 891 632 1021
##
##
## $PVDr12
## $PVDr12$Question
## [1] "PVDr12: I am unlikely to catch a cold, flu, or other illness, even if it is going around. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr12$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 798 766 979 1866 1079 967 594 1021
##
##
## $PVDr13
## $PVDr13$Question
## [1] "PVDr13: It does not make me anxious to be around sick people. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr13$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr13$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 1166 985 977 1522 1087 794 518 1021
##
##
## $PVDr14
## $PVDr14$Question
## [1] "PVDr14: My immune system protects me from most illnesses that other people get. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr14$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr14$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 459 525 774 1990 1391 1185 725 1021
##
##
## $PVDr15
## $PVDr15$Question
## [1] "PVDr15: I avoid using public telephones because of the risk that I may catch something from the previous user. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $PVDr15$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $PVDr15$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <NA>
## 700 557 632 1582 1057 1048 1473 1021
##
##
## $DRIQInfor1
## $DRIQInfor1$Question
## [1] "DRIQInfor1: In my life, I experience the presence of the Divine (i.e., God(s), spiritual beings, deities) - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $DRIQInfor1$Values
## Definitely true of me Tends to be true Unsure
## 1 2 3
## Tends not to be true Definitely not true
## 4 5
##
## $DRIQInfor1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1552 1578 2022 948 1970
##
##
## $DRIQInfor2
## $DRIQInfor2$Question
## [1] "DRIQInfor2: My religious/spiritual beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life. - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $DRIQInfor2$Values
## Definitely true of me Tends to be true Unsure
## 1 2 3
## Tends not to be true Definitely not true
## 4 5
##
## $DRIQInfor2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1287 1804 1824 1066 2089
##
##
## $DRIQInfor3
## $DRIQInfor3$Question
## [1] "DRIQInfor3: I try hard to carry my religious/spiritual beliefs over into all other dealings in life. - Please indicate to what extent the following statements apply to you."
##
## $DRIQInfor3$Values
## Definitely true of me Tends to be true Unsure
## 1 2 3
## Tends not to be true Definitely not true
## 4 5
##
## $DRIQInfor3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1229 1804 1840 1094 2103
##
##
## $TIPIQr1
## $TIPIQr1$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr1: Extraverted, enthusiastic. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr1$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 743 760 777 1809 1744 1325 912
##
##
## $TIPIQr2
## $TIPIQr2$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr2: Critical, quarrelsome. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr2$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1401 1210 979 1867 1585 694 334
##
##
## $TIPIQr3
## $TIPIQr3$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr3: Dependable, self-disciplined. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr3$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 103 122 293 1164 1593 2439 2356
##
##
## $TIPIQr4
## $TIPIQr4$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr4: Anxious, easily upset. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr4$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1196 1266 993 1745 1501 867 502
##
##
## $TIPIQr5
## $TIPIQr5$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr5: Open to new experiences, complex. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr5$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 155 206 526 1819 2236 1908 1220
##
##
## $TIPIQr6
## $TIPIQr6$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr6: Reserved, quiet. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr6$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 410 513 705 1686 1860 1643 1253
##
##
## $TIPIQr7
## $TIPIQr7$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr7: Sympathetic, warm. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr7$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 115 144 393 1445 1953 2311 1709
##
##
## $TIPIQr8
## $TIPIQr8$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr8: Disorganized, careless. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr8$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 2552 1518 1023 1364 830 506 277
##
##
## $TIPIQr9
## $TIPIQr9$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr9: Calm, emotionally stable. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr9$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 137 216 570 1773 1774 2198 1402
##
##
## $TIPIQr10
## $TIPIQr10$Question
## [1] "TIPIQr10: Conventional, uncreative. - Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the statement."
##
## $TIPIQr10$Values
## Disagree strongly Disagree moderately
## 1 2
## Disagree a little Neither agree nor disagree
## 3 4
## Agree a little Agree moderately
## 5 6
## Agree strongly
## 7
##
## $TIPIQr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1082 1071 1219 2271 1228 773 426
##
##
## $CTQr1
## $CTQr1$Question
## [1] "CTQr1: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government are capable - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr1$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1345 1365 2168 2253 939
##
##
## $CTQr2
## $CTQr2$Question
## [1] "CTQr2: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government are experts - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr2$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2094 2135 2244 1120 477
##
##
## $CTQr3
## $CTQr3$Question
## [1] "CTQr3: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government carry out their duties very well - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr3$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1732 1655 2385 1661 637
##
##
## $CTQr4
## $CTQr4$Question
## [1] "CTQr4: When it concerns COVID-19, if citizens need help, all levels of government will do their best to help them - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr4$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1339 1394 2479 2101 757
##
##
## $CTQr5
## $CTQr5$Question
## [1] "CTQr5: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government act in the interest of citizens - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr5$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1547 1456 2403 1908 756
##
##
## $CTQr6
## $CTQr6$Question
## [1] "CTQr6: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government are genuinely interested in the well-being of citizens - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr6$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1403 1292 2395 2219 761
##
##
## $CTQr7
## $CTQr7$Question
## [1] "CTQr7: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government approach citizens in sincere ways - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr7$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1489 1447 2576 1904 654
##
##
## $CTQr8
## $CTQr8$Question
## [1] "CTQr8: When it concerns COVID-19, all levels of government are honest - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $CTQr8$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $CTQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1959 1626 2420 1478 587
##
##
## $HCQr1
## $HCQr1$Question
## [1] "HCQr1: Positive thinking can help you fight off a minor illness - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr1$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1358 1783 2910 880 592 547
##
##
## $HCQr2
## $HCQr2$Question
## [1] "HCQr2: Alternative/holistic medicine should be subject to more scientific testing before it can be accepted by conventional doctors - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr2$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1627 1956 2591 1090 484 322
##
##
## $HCQr3
## $HCQr3$Question
## [1] "HCQr3: When people are stressed it is important that they are careful about other aspects of their lifestyle as their body already has enough to cope with - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr3$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1769 2627 2704 635 187 148
##
##
## $HCQr4
## $HCQr4$Question
## [1] "HCQr4: Alternative/holistic medicine can be dangerous in that it may prevent people getting proper treatment - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr4$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1565 1804 2628 1277 509 287
##
##
## $HCQr5
## $HCQr5$Question
## [1] "HCQr5: The symptoms of an illness can be made worse by depression - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr5$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 2478 2439 2185 595 230 143
##
##
## $HCQr6
## $HCQr6$Question
## [1] "HCQr6: Alternative/holistic medicine should only be used as a last resort when conventional medicine has nothing to offer - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr6$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1006 1409 2448 1787 864 556
##
##
## $HCQr7
## $HCQr7$Question
## [1] "HCQr7: If a person experiences a series of stressful life events, they are more likely to become ill - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr7$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1752 2326 2733 799 300 160
##
##
## $HCQr8
## $HCQr8$Question
## [1] "HCQr8: It is worthwhile trying complementary medicine before going to the doctor - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr8$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 541 1131 2608 1952 997 841
##
##
## $HCQr9
## $HCQr9$Question
## [1] "HCQr9: Conflict with others has no effect on your health - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr9$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 470 732 1335 2029 1836 1668
##
##
## $HCQr10
## $HCQr10$Question
## [1] "HCQr10: Alternative/holistic medicine should only be used in minor ailments and not in the treatment of more serious illness - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr10$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1098 1621 2752 1556 617 426
##
##
## $HCQr11
## $HCQr11$Question
## [1] "HCQr11: It is important to find a balance between work and relaxation in order to stay healthy. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr11$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 3575 2055 1551 530 213 146
##
##
## $HCQr12
## $HCQr12$Question
## [1] "HCQr12: Alternative/holistic medicine builds up the body’s own defences, so leading to a permanent cure - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $HCQr12$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $HCQr12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 563 1112 2735 1852 908 900
##
##
## $LCQr1
## $LCQr1$Question
## [1] "LCQr1: My life is determined by my own actions - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr1$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 125 101 257 1194 2067 2291 2035
##
##
## $LCQr2
## $LCQr2$Question
## [1] "LCQr2: I am usually able to protect my personal interests - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr2$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 73 97 263 1280 2294 2534 1529
##
##
## $LCQr3
## $LCQr3$Question
## [1] "LCQr3: I can pretty much determine what will happen in my life - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr3$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 301 389 841 2090 2157 1489 803
##
##
## $LCQr4
## $LCQr4$Question
## [1] "LCQr4: To a greater extent, my life is controlled by accidental findings - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr4$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 769 1131 1337 2377 1238 751 467
##
##
## $LCQr5
## $LCQr5$Question
## [1] "LCQr5: Often, there is no chance of protecting my personal interest from back luck happening - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr5$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 717 892 1155 2478 1445 781 602
##
##
## $LCQr6
## $LCQr6$Question
## [1] "LCQr6: When I get what I want, it's usually because I'm lucky - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr6$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 981 1311 1376 1903 1217 773 509
##
##
## $LCQr7
## $LCQr7$Question
## [1] "LCQr7: People like me have very little chance of protecting our personal interests where they conflict with those of strong pressure groups - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr7$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1015 1185 1122 2174 1223 798 553
##
##
## $LCQr8
## $LCQr8$Question
## [1] "LCQr8: My life is chiefly controlled by powerful others - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr8$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1756 1433 1101 1650 1030 656 444
##
##
## $LCQr9
## $LCQr9$Question
## [1] "LCQr9: I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $LCQr9$Values
## Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 Strongly Agree7
## 5 6 7
##
## $LCQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1738 1347 1072 1688 1058 668 499
##
##
## $VAXQr1
## $VAXQr1$Question
## [1] "VAXQr1: I feel safe after being vaccinated. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr1$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 2372 2468 1924 590 294 422
##
##
## $VAXQr2
## $VAXQr2$Question
## [1] "VAXQr2: I can rely on vaccines to stop serious infectious diseases. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr2$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 2099 2736 1934 653 290 358
##
##
## $VAXQr3
## $VAXQr3$Question
## [1] "VAXQr3: I feel protected after getting vaccinated. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr3$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 2247 2588 2031 564 280 360
##
##
## $VAXQr4
## $VAXQr4$Question
## [1] "VAXQr4: Although most vaccines appear to be safe, there may be problems that we have not yet discovered. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr4$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1495 2125 2773 921 474 282
##
##
## $VAXQr5
## $VAXQr5$Question
## [1] "VAXQr5: Vaccines can cause unforeseen problems in children. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr5$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 881 1206 2426 1536 1080 941
##
##
## $VAXQr6
## $VAXQr6$Question
## [1] "VAXQr6: I worry about the unknown effects of vaccines in the future. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr6$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1127 1392 2308 1310 1008 925
##
##
## $VAXQr7
## $VAXQr7$Question
## [1] "VAXQr7: Vaccines make a lot of money for pharmaceutical companies, but do not do much for regular people. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr7$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1039 1176 1840 1479 1206 1330
##
##
## $VAXQr8
## $VAXQr8$Question
## [1] "VAXQr8: Authorities promote vaccination for financial gain, not for people's health. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr8$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 725 1032 1596 1615 1304 1798
##
##
## $VAXQr9
## $VAXQr9$Question
## [1] "VAXQr9: Vaccination programs are a big con. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr9$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 603 683 1257 1317 1287 2923
##
##
## $VAXQr10
## $VAXQr10$Question
## [1] "VAXQr10: Natural immunity lasts longer than a vaccination. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr10$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 867 1220 2035 1560 1059 1329
##
##
## $VAXQr11
## $VAXQr11$Question
## [1] "VAXQr11: Natural exposure to viruses and germs gives the safest protection. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr11$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 660 1097 2153 1620 1114 1426
##
##
## $VAXQr12
## $VAXQr12$Question
## [1] "VAXQr12: Being exposed to diseases naturally is safer for the immune system than being exposed through vaccination. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $VAXQr12$Values
## Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly
## 1 2 3 4
## Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly
## 5 6
##
## $VAXQr12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 590 1008 1838 1755 1112 1767
##
##
## $GTSQr1
## $GTSQr1$Question
## [1] "GTSQr1: Most people are basically honest. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $GTSQr1$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $GTSQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 440 1138 2570 3275 647
##
##
## $GTSQr2
## $GTSQr2$Question
## [1] "GTSQr2: Most people are trustworthy. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $GTSQr2$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $GTSQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 394 1156 2713 3231 576
##
##
## $GTSQr3
## $GTSQr3$Question
## [1] "GTSQr3: Most people are basically good and kind. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $GTSQr3$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $GTSQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 300 800 2558 3741 671
##
##
## $GTSQr4
## $GTSQr4$Question
## [1] "GTSQr4: Most people are trustful of others. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $GTSQr4$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $GTSQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 298 1096 2736 3349 591
##
##
## $GTSQr5
## $GTSQr5$Question
## [1] "GTSQr5: I am trustful. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $GTSQr5$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $GTSQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 226 545 1684 3548 2067
##
##
## $GTSQr6
## $GTSQr6$Question
## [1] "GTSQr6: Most people will respond in kind when they are trusted by others. - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements."
##
## $GTSQr6$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $GTSQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 142 358 2034 4248 1288
##
##
## $PAQ1
## $PAQ1$Question
## [1] "PAQ1: Please indicate where you fall on this political spectrum."
##
## $PAQ1$Values
## Communism Left Wing Socialism Liberal Center
## 1 2 3 4
## Conservative Authoritarianism Fascism Right Wing
## 5 6 7
##
## $PAQ1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 54 395 2314 2950 2189 87 81
##
##
## $ABQr1
## $ABQr1$Question
## [1] "ABQr1: Do you listen attentively to what older people say about how you should behave? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr1$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 576 1201 3182 2467 644
##
##
## $ABQr2
## $ABQr2$Question
## [1] "ABQr2: Do you question the judgment of umpires or referees when you think they have made an incorrect decision? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr2$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 312 888 3023 3131 716
##
##
## $ABQr3
## $ABQr3$Question
## [1] "ABQr3: When a person in authority whom you trust tells you to do something, do you do it, even though you can't see the reason for it? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr3$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 363 1368 3528 2313 498
##
##
## $ABQr4
## $ABQr4$Question
## [1] "ABQr4: Do you criticize people who are rude to their superiors? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr4$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 283 747 3208 3075 757
##
##
## $ABQr5
## $ABQr5$Question
## [1] "ABQr5: Do you encourage young people to do what they want to do, even when it is against the wishes of their parents? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr5$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1168 2103 2802 1425 572
##
##
## $ABQr6
## $ABQr6$Question
## [1] "ABQr6: When you go to work, do you dress so as to be acceptable to the people who run the place? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr6$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 227 496 2402 3381 1564
##
##
## $ABQr7
## $ABQr7$Question
## [1] "ABQr7: Do you treat experts with respect even when you don't think much of them personally? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr7$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 148 471 2805 3611 1035
##
##
## $ABQr8
## $ABQr8$Question
## [1] "ABQr8: Do you support left-wing, radical policies? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr8$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2338 1411 2802 1052 467
##
##
## $ABQr9
## $ABQr9$Question
## [1] "ABQr9: Do you take part in demonstrations to show your opposition to policies you do not like? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr9$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2580 1581 2349 1108 452
##
##
## $ABQr10
## $ABQr10$Question
## [1] "ABQr10: Do you express approval for the work of school teachers? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr10$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 330 532 2548 2912 1748
##
##
## $ABQr11
## $ABQr11$Question
## [1] "ABQr11: Do you go to church? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr11$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2615 1056 1878 1364 1157
##
##
## $ABQr12
## $ABQr12$Question
## [1] "ABQr12: Do you make fun of the police? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr12$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3457 1643 1712 843 415
##
##
## $ABQr13
## $ABQr13$Question
## [1] "ABQr13: When things are bad, do you look for guidance from someone wiser than yourself? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr13$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr13$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 360 599 2725 3256 1130
##
##
## $ABQr14
## $ABQr14$Question
## [1] "ABQr14: Do you sympathize with rebels? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr14$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr14$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1548 1627 3250 1239 406
##
##
## $ABQr15
## $ABQr15$Question
## [1] "ABQr15: When you are in a hurry, do you break the speed limit or encourage your driver to do so, if it seems reasonably safe? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr15$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr15$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1390 1472 2587 2053 568
##
##
## $ABQr16
## $ABQr16$Question
## [1] "ABQr16: Do you follow doctor's orders? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr16$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr16$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 107 278 1742 3834 2109
##
##
## $ABQr17
## $ABQr17$Question
## [1] "ABQr17: Do you question what you hear on the news? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr17$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr17$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 161 471 2568 3315 1555
##
##
## $ABQr18
## $ABQr18$Question
## [1] "ABQr18: Do you cross the road against the pedestrian traffic lights? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr18$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr18$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 1679 1719 2334 1742 596
##
##
## $ABQr19
## $ABQr19$Question
## [1] "ABQr19: Do you ask for a \"second opinion\" when you feel uncertain about a doctor's advice? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr19$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr19$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 290 719 2623 3247 1191
##
##
## $ABQr20
## $ABQr20$Question
## [1] "ABQr20: Do you stand when they play the National Anthem in public? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr20$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr20$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 264 420 1856 2301 3229
##
##
## $ABQr21
## $ABQr21$Question
## [1] "ABQr21: Do you express contempt for politicians? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr21$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr21$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 430 914 3499 2217 1010
##
##
## $ABQr22
## $ABQr22$Question
## [1] "ABQr22: Do you get annoyed when people sneer at those in authority? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr22$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr22$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 474 1177 3567 2164 688
##
##
## $ABQr23
## $ABQr23$Question
## [1] "ABQr23: Do you show special respect for people in high positions? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr23$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr23$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 331 787 3616 2595 741
##
##
## $ABQr24
## $ABQr24$Question
## [1] "ABQr24: Do you speak up against your boss or person in charge when he or she acts unfairly? - Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following questions."
##
## $ABQr24$Values
## Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree
## 1 2 3 4
## Strongly Agree
## 5
##
## $ABQr24$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 337 679 3280 2840 934
##
##
## $SSQr1
## $SSQr1$Question
## [1] "SSQr1: How satisfied are you with your personal relationships? - Please answer the following questions using the answer options provided."
##
## $SSQr1$Values
## Very dissatisfied1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Very satisfied 9
## 9
##
## $SSQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <NA>
## 214 143 273 330 983 933 1609 1413 2068 104
##
##
## $SSQr2
## $SSQr2$Question
## [1] "SSQr2: How satisfied are you with the support you get from your friends? - Please answer the following questions using the answer options provided."
##
## $SSQr2$Values
## Very dissatisfied1 2 3 4
## 1 2 3 4
## 5 6 7 8
## 5 6 7 8
## Very satisfied 9
## 9
##
## $SSQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <NA>
## 171 111 221 297 1023 964 1597 1515 2067 104
##
##
## $SDSAQr1
## $SDSAQr1$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr1: Would you be willing to marry a member of this group? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr1$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 5263 1948 859
##
##
## $SDSAQr2
## $SDSAQr2$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr2: Would you be willing to accept a member of this group as a close, personal friend? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr2$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6411 827 832
##
##
## $SDSAQr3
## $SDSAQr3$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr3: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a neighbor, living on your street? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr3$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6521 699 850
##
##
## $SDSAQr4
## $SDSAQr4$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr4: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a coworker in your occupation, at your workplace? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr4$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6441 775 854
##
##
## $SDSAQr5
## $SDSAQr5$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr5: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a citizen of your country? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr5$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6512 703 855
##
##
## $SDSAQr6
## $SDSAQr6$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr6: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a non-citizen visitor to your country? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr6$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 5911 1281 878
##
##
## $SDSAQr7
## $SDSAQr7$Question
## [1] "SDSAQr7: Would you want to exclude members of this group from visiting your country? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of East Asian descent with a surgical mask on"
##
## $SDSAQr7$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSAQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 2467 4710 893
##
##
## $SDSEQr1
## $SDSEQr1$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr1: Would you be willing to marry a member of this group? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr1$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr1$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 5497 1529 1044
##
##
## $SDSEQr2
## $SDSEQr2$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr2: Would you be willing to accept a member of this group as a close, personal friend? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr2$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr2$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6299 757 1014
##
##
## $SDSEQr3
## $SDSEQr3$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr3: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a neighbor, living on your street? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr3$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr3$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6369 669 1032
##
##
## $SDSEQr4
## $SDSEQr4$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr4: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a coworker in your occupation, at your workplace? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr4$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr4$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6315 724 1031
##
##
## $SDSEQr5
## $SDSEQr5$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr5: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a citizen of your country? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr5$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr5$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 6363 673 1034
##
##
## $SDSEQr6
## $SDSEQr6$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr6: Would you be okay with having a member of this group as a non-citizen visitor to your country? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr6$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr6$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 5956 1063 1051
##
##
## $SDSEQr7
## $SDSEQr7$Question
## [1] "SDSEQr7: Would you want to exclude members of this group from visiting your country? - Display cartoon image of a man and a woman of Northern European descent with a surgical mask one"
##
## $SDSEQr7$Values
## Yes No
## 1 2
##
## $SDSEQr7$Table
## x
## 1 2 <NA>
## 2660 4332 1078
##
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8$Question
## [1] "CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8: If a vaccine for COVID-19 becomes available, would you get vaccinated? - "
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8$Values
## Definitely Not Probably Not Possibly Probably Very Probably
## 1 2 3 4 5
## Definitely
## 6
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 493 517 1026 838 1262 3934
##
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a$Question
## [1] "CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a: Has COVID-19 affected your mental health? - "
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a$Values
## Definitely Not Probably Not Possibly Probably Very Probably
## 1 2 3 4 5
## Definitely
## 6
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 <NA>
## 2177 1503 1395 1235 784 872 104
##
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b$Question
## [1] "CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b: Has social distancing affected your mental health? - "
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b$Values
## Definitely Not Probably Not Possibly Probably Very Probably
## 1 2 3 4 5
## Definitely
## 6
##
## $CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 <NA>
## 2274 1577 1395 1144 758 818 104
##
##
## $Q8AA
## $Q8AA$Question
## [1] "Q8AA: Have you ever had depression, anxiety or mental health issues?"
##
## $Q8AA$Values
## Yes, I currently have this condition I've previously had this condition
## 1 2
## I've never had this condition
## 3
##
## $Q8AA$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 <NA>
## 1506 1050 4252 42 1220
##
##
## $PANAS_1
## $PANAS_1$Question
## [1] "PANAS_1: Interested - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_1$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 207 832 2606 3127 1298
##
##
## $PANAS_2
## $PANAS_2$Question
## [1] "PANAS_2: Distressed - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_2$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2769 2493 1676 849 283
##
##
## $PANAS_3
## $PANAS_3$Question
## [1] "PANAS_3: Excited - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_3$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 803 1844 3163 1605 655
##
##
## $PANAS_4
## $PANAS_4$Question
## [1] "PANAS_4: Upset - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_4$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2560 2680 1724 824 282
##
##
## $PANAS_5
## $PANAS_5$Question
## [1] "PANAS_5: Strong - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_5$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 547 1273 2923 2279 1048
##
##
## $PANAS_6
## $PANAS_6$Question
## [1] "PANAS_6: Guilty - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_6$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 4310 1723 1261 538 238
##
##
## $PANAS_7
## $PANAS_7$Question
## [1] "PANAS_7: Scared - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_7$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3055 2432 1584 674 325
##
##
## $PANAS_8
## $PANAS_8$Question
## [1] "PANAS_8: Hostile - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_8$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 4695 1459 1148 461 307
##
##
## $PANAS_9
## $PANAS_9$Question
## [1] "PANAS_9: Enthusiastic - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_9$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 608 1568 2780 2223 891
##
##
## $PANAS_10
## $PANAS_10$Question
## [1] "PANAS_10: Proud - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_10$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 618 1324 2720 2283 1125
##
##
## $PANAS_11
## $PANAS_11$Question
## [1] "PANAS_11: Irritable - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_11$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2299 2877 1787 803 304
##
##
## $PANAS_12
## $PANAS_12$Question
## [1] "PANAS_12: Alert - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_12$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 470 1160 2634 2645 1161
##
##
## $PANAS_13
## $PANAS_13$Question
## [1] "PANAS_13: Ashamed - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_13$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_13$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 4743 1387 1172 511 257
##
##
## $PANAS_14
## $PANAS_14$Question
## [1] "PANAS_14: Inspired - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_14$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_14$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 763 1680 2716 1921 990
##
##
## $PANAS_15
## $PANAS_15$Question
## [1] "PANAS_15: Nervous - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_15$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_15$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 2356 2722 1704 888 400
##
##
## $PANAS_16
## $PANAS_16$Question
## [1] "PANAS_16: Determined - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_16$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_16$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 389 1163 2683 2500 1335
##
##
## $PANAS_17
## $PANAS_17$Question
## [1] "PANAS_17: Attentive - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_17$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_17$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 339 1002 2726 2795 1208
##
##
## $PANAS_18
## $PANAS_18$Question
## [1] "PANAS_18: Jittery - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_18$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_18$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3685 1904 1508 646 327
##
##
## $PANAS_19
## $PANAS_19$Question
## [1] "PANAS_19: Active - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_19$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_19$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 579 1396 2693 2272 1130
##
##
## $PANAS_20
## $PANAS_20$Question
## [1] "PANAS_20: Afraid - This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Please indicate to what extent you feel this way generally, that is, how you feel most of the time:"
##
## $PANAS_20$Values
## Very slightly or Not at all A little
## 1 2
## Moderately Quite a bit
## 3 4
## Extremely
## 5
##
## $PANAS_20$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5
## 3453 2329 1373 605 310
##
##
## $ECR_1
## $ECR_1$Question
## [1] "ECR_1: I get uncomfortable when other people want to be very close to me. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close"
##
## $ECR_1$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_1$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 890 698 686 2239 1483 1097 977
##
##
## $ECR_2
## $ECR_2$Question
## [1] "ECR_2: I worry about being abandoned. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using the rating scale, indicate h"
##
## $ECR_2$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_2$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 2322 1046 741 1631 1004 759 567
##
##
## $ECR_3
## $ECR_3$Question
## [1] "ECR_3: I tell people with whom I feel close just about everything. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using"
##
## $ECR_3$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_3$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 543 528 747 2073 1739 1470 970
##
##
## $ECR_4
## $ECR_4$Question
## [1] "ECR_4: I need a lot of reassurance that I am loved by people with whom I feel close. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you"
##
## $ECR_4$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_4$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1204 899 818 2298 1345 864 642
##
##
## $ECR_5
## $ECR_5$Question
## [1] "ECR_5: I don't feel comfortable opening up to other people. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using the ra"
##
## $ECR_5$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_5$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 721 749 1004 2297 1556 995 748
##
##
## $ECR_6
## $ECR_6$Question
## [1] "ECR_6: I worry a lot about my relationships. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using the rating scale, ind"
##
## $ECR_6$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_6$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1509 1139 902 2092 1189 745 494
##
##
## $ECR_7
## $ECR_7$Question
## [1] "ECR_7: I usually discuss my problems and concerns with people with whom I feel close. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom yo"
##
## $ECR_7$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_7$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 420 438 567 2016 1846 1643 1140
##
##
## $ECR_8
## $ECR_8$Question
## [1] "ECR_8: I find that other people don't want to get as close as I would like. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel clo"
##
## $ECR_8$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_8$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1208 1036 1027 2716 984 669 430
##
##
## $ECR_9
## $ECR_9$Question
## [1] "ECR_9: I try to avoid getting too close to other people. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using the ratin"
##
## $ECR_9$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_9$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 808 782 1002 2462 1508 878 630
##
##
## $ECR_10
## $ECR_10$Question
## [1] "ECR_10: I worry that other people won't care about me as much as I care about them. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you"
##
## $ECR_10$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_10$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1290 859 859 2340 1227 859 636
##
##
## $ECR_11
## $ECR_11$Question
## [1] "ECR_11: I don't mind asking other people for comfort, advice, or help. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. U"
##
## $ECR_11$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_11$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 439 470 834 2300 1996 1257 774
##
##
## $ECR_12
## $ECR_12$Question
## [1] "ECR_12: I get frustrated when other people are not around as much as I would like. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you f"
##
## $ECR_12$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_12$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1308 1046 1030 2412 1182 672 420
##
##
## $ECR_13
## $ECR_13$Question
## [1] "ECR_13: I prefer not to be too close to other people. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using the rating s"
##
## $ECR_13$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_13$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 948 911 1024 2461 1346 803 577
##
##
## $ECR_14
## $ECR_14$Question
## [1] "ECR_14: I worry a fair amount about losing people with whom I feel close. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close"
##
## $ECR_14$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_14$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 943 761 802 2203 1508 1064 789
##
##
## $ECR_15
## $ECR_15$Question
## [1] "ECR_15: It helps to turn to other people in times of need. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel close. Using the rat"
##
## $ECR_15$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_15$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 190 177 427 2104 2150 1784 1238
##
##
## $ECR_16
## $ECR_16$Question
## [1] "ECR_16: I resent it when people with whom I feel close spend time away from me. - The following statements concern how you feel in close relationships with others. In the following statements the term “other people” refers to people with whom you feel"
##
## $ECR_16$Values
## Disagree1 2 3 Neutral4 5 6 Agree7
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
##
## $ECR_16$Table
## x
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 1754 1188 982 2360 887 523 376Next, let’s categorize variables by type, plan the necessary preprocessing steps, then perform preprocessing.
attach(coviddata_exclNA)
# Put all categorical variables that do not need preprocessing here
vars_cat <- bind_cols(
"Timepoint_1" = Timepoint_1, # Identifier for time when survey collected
"Timepoint_2" = Timepoint_2, # Identifier for time when survey collected
"Timepoint_3" = Timepoint_3, # Identifier for time when survey collected
"S6A" = S6A, # Relationship status
"S6D" = S6D, # Health care worker (y/n)
"RF1r1" = RF1r1, # Have heart disease (y/n)
"RF1r2" = RF1r2, # Have hypertension (y/n)
"RF1r3" = RF1r3, # Have lung disease (y/n)
"RF1r4" = RF1r4, # Have diabetes (y/n)
"RF1r5" = RF1r5, # Have cancer (y/n)
"RF1r6" = RF1r6, # Have chronic kidney disease (y/n)
"RF1r7" = RF1r7, # Have obesity (y/n)
"RF2" = RF2, # Have weakened immune system (y/n)
"ASr1" = ASr1, # Have fever/chills/shakes (y/n)
"ASr2" = ASr2, # Have cough (y/n)
"ASr3" = ASr3, # Have shortness of breath (y/n)
"ASr4" = ASr4, # Have tired or fatigued(y/n)
"ASr5" = ASr5, # Have lost appetite (y/n)
"ASr6" = ASr6, # Have muscle aches and pains (y/n)
"ASr7" = ASr7, # Have nasal congestion (y/n)
"ASr8" = ASr8, # Have sore throat (y/n)
"ASr9" = ASr9, # Have excessive sputum (y/n)
"ASr10" = ASr10, # Have lost smell (y/n)
"ASr11" = ASr11, # Have lost taste (y/n)
"ASr12" = ASr12, # Have diarrhea (y/n)
"ASr13" = ASr13, # Have other symptoms (y/n)
"C1" = C1, # Ever tested for COVID-19 (y/n)
"CVSQ1" = CVSQ1, # Source of health information (incl. other)
"CVSQ2" = CVSQ2, # Belief of origin of COVID-19 (incl. other)
"CVSQ3" = CVSQ3, # Had COVID/what was outcome
"CVSQCVSQ4" = CVSQCVSQ4, # Close family member or friend that is health care worker (y/n)
"CVSQCVSQ5" = CVSQCVSQ5, # Close family member or friend that is high risk (y/n)
"CVSQCVSQ6" = CVSQCVSQ6, # Close family member or friend in senior's residence (y/n)
"CVSQCVSQ7" = CVSQCVSQ7, # Close family member or friend in long-term care (y/n)
"noanswerS15_r0" = noanswerS15_r0, # cat; Number of drinks in last 7 days (non-drinkers)
"noanswerS15_r1" = noanswerS15_r1, # cat; Number of drinks in last 7 days (less than 1 per week)
"noanswerS15_r2" = noanswerS15_r2, # cat; Number of drinks in last 7 days (it depends)
"S16A" = S16A, # Use of cannabis products (combine with below)
"noanswerS17A_r0" = noanswerS17A_r0, # cat; Number of cigarettes (non-smokers)
"noanswerS17A_r1" = noanswerS17A_r1, # cat; Number of cigarettes (less than 1 per day)
"noanswerS17A_r2" = noanswerS17A_r2, # con; Number of cigarettes (it depends)
"noanswerS17B_r0" = noanswerS17B_r0, # cat; Number of e-cigarettes (non-users)
"noanswerS17B_r1" = noanswerS17B_r1, # cat; Number of e-cigarettes (less than 1 per day)
"noanswerS17B_r2" = noanswerS17B_r2 # cat; Number of e-cigarettes (it depends)
)
# Put all ordinal variables that do not need preprocessing here
vars_ord <- bind_cols(
"S10A" = S10A, # Highest level of education
"S8x1S8A" = S8x1S8A, # Income reduced by COVID-19
"S8x1S8B" = S8x1S8B, # In financial distress
"S8x1S8C" = S8x1S8C, # Trouble making ends meet
"SPFQr1" = SPFQr1, # Comply with social distancing (avoid groups)
"SPFQr2" = SPFQr2, # Comply with social distancing (maintain 6ft distance in community)
"SPFQr3" = SPFQr3, # Comply with social distancing (keep distance from people at risk)
"SPQr1" = SPQr1, # Stay at home unless for work
"SPQr2" = SPQr2, # Avoid non-essential trips
"SPQr3" = SPQr3, # Keep distance if leaving home
"SPQr4" = SPQr4, # Limit close contacts with people at high risk
"SPQr5" = SPQr5, # Avoid crowded places
"SPQr6" = SPQr6, # Avoid common greetings (hugging and kissing)
"SPQr7" = SPQr7, # Disinfect hands often
"SPQr8" = SPQr8, # Wash or disinfect hands for at least 20 seconds
"SPQr9" = SPQr9, # Cough or sneeze into bend of arm
"SPQr10" = SPQr10, # Avoid touching eyes, nose, mouth
"SPQ11A" = SPQ11A, # Exercise frequency
"SSSQr1" = SSSQr1, # Easily influenced by people's opinions
"SSSQr2" = SSSQr2, # Easily influenced by commercials
"SSSQr3" = SSSQr3, # Likely to cough or sneeze when seeing others do so
"SSSQr4" = SSSQr4, # Imagining drink can make me thirsty
"SSSQr5" = SSSQr5, # Salesperson can make me want their product
"SSSQr6" = SSSQr6, # Practical advice from magazines or TV
"SSSQr7" = SSSQr7, # Nicely displayed product makes me want to buy
"SSSQr8" = SSSQr8, # Seeing shiver makes me feel a chill
"SSSQr9" = SSSQr9, # Get style from celebrities
"SSSQr10" = SSSQr10, # Feel same feelings when others share feelings
"SSSQr11" = SSSQr11, # Follow other people's advice when making decisions
"SSSQr12" = SSSQr12, # Reading tasty descriptions of dishes makes mouth water
"SSSQr13" = SSSQr13, # Get good ideas from others
"SSSQr14" = SSSQr14, # Frequently change opinions after talking with others
"SSSQr15" = SSSQr15, # Lotion commercials make skin feel dry
"SSSQr16" = SSSQr16, # Discover favorite things from friends
"SSSQr17" = SSSQr17, # Follow current fashion trends
"SSSQr18" = SSSQr18, # Thinking about scary makes heart pound
"SSSQr19" = SSSQr19, # Pick up habits from friends
"SSSQr20" = SSSQr20, # Feel ill if told don't look well
"SSSQr21" = SSSQr21, # Important to fit in
"RQr1" = RQr1, # Saftey first
"RQr2" = RQr2, # Do not take risks with my health
"RQr3" = RQr3, # Avoid risks
"RQr4" = RQr4, # Regularly take risks
"RQr5" = RQr5, # Dislike not knowing what is going to happen
"RQr6" = RQr6, # View risks as a challenge
"RQ7" = RQ7, # Risk avoider vs risk seeker
"DRIQInfor1" = DRIQInfor1, # Experience presence of divine
"DRIQInfor2" = DRIQInfor2, # Religious/spiritual beliefs lie behind whole approach to life
"DRIQInfor3" = DRIQInfor3, # Try hard to carry religious/spiritual beliefs into all dealings in life
"TIPIQr1" = TIPIQr1, # Extroverted or enthusiastic
"TIPIQr2" = TIPIQr2, # Critical or quarrelsome
"TIPIQr3" = TIPIQr3, # Dependable or self-disciplined
"TIPIQr4" = TIPIQr4, # Anxious or easily upset
"TIPIQr5" = TIPIQr5, # Open to new experiences or complex
"TIPIQr6" = TIPIQr6, # Reserved or quiet
"TIPIQr7" = TIPIQr7, # Sympathetic or warm
"TIPIQr8" = TIPIQr8, # Disorganized or careless
"TIPIQr9" = TIPIQr9, # Calm or emotionally stable
"TIPIQr10" = TIPIQr10, # Conventional or un-creative
"CTQr1" = CTQr1, # All levels of government are capable concerning COVID-19
"CTQr2" = CTQr2, # All levels of government are experts concerning COVID-19
"CTQr3" = CTQr3, # All levels of government carry duties out well concerning COVID-19
"CTQr4" = CTQr4, # All levels of government will do their best to help citizens concerning COVID-19
"CTQr5" = CTQr5, # All levels of government act in the interest of citizens concerning COVID-19
"CTQr6" = CTQr6, # All levels of government are interested in the well-being of citizens concerning COVID-19
"CTQr7" = CTQr7, # All levels of government approach citizens in sincere ways concerning COVID-19
"CTQr8" = CTQr8, # All levels of government are honest concerning COVID-19
"HCQr1" = HCQr1, # Positive thinking can help fight off minor illness
"HCQr2" = HCQr2, # Alternative/holistic medicine should be subject to more scientific testing
"HCQr3" = HCQr3, # Important to be careful about lifestyle when stressed
"HCQr4" = HCQr4, # Alternative/holistic medicine can be dangerous by preventing people getting proper treatment
"HCQr5" = HCQr5, # Symptoms of illness made worse by depression
"HCQr6" = HCQr6, # Alternative/holistic medicine used only as last resort
"HCQr7" = HCQr7, # Stressful life events increase likelihood of illness
"HCQr8" = HCQr8, # Worthwhile to try complementary medicine before seeing doctor
"HCQr9" = HCQr9, # Conflict with others has no effect on health
"HCQr10" = HCQr10, # Alternative/holistic medicine only used for minor ailments and not serious illness
"HCQr11" = HCQr11, # Important to find balance between work and relaxation to stay healthy
"HCQr12" = HCQr12, # Alternative/holistic medicine builds up body's defenses leading to permanent cure
"LCQr1" = LCQr1, # Life is determined by own actions
"LCQr2" = LCQr2, # Able to protect personal interests
"LCQr3" = LCQr3, # Can determine what will happen in my life
"LCQr4" = LCQr4, # Life controlled by accidental findings
"LCQr5" = LCQr5, # No chance of protecting personal interest from bad luck
"LCQr6" = LCQr6, # I get what I want because I'm lucky
"LCQr7" = LCQr7, # Little chance of protecting personal interests when conflict with strong pressure groups
"LCQr8" = LCQr8, # Life chiefly controlled by powerful others
"LCQr9" = LCQr9, # Feel like what happens in life determined by powerful people
"VAXQr1" = VAXQr1, # Feel safe after vaccination
"VAXQr2" = VAXQr2, # Rely on vaccines to stop serious infectious diseases
"VAXQr3" = VAXQr3, # Feel protected after getting vaccinated
"VAXQr4" = VAXQr4, # Vaccines appear safe but have problems not yet discovered
"VAXQr5" = VAXQr5, # Vaccines can cause unforeseen problems in children
"VAXQr6" = VAXQr6, # Worry about unknown effects of vaccines in future
"VAXQr7" = VAXQr7, # Vaccines make a lot of money for pharmaceutical companies
"VAXQr8" = VAXQr8, # Authorities promote vaccination for financial gain not health
"VAXQr9" = VAXQr9, # Vaccination programs are a big con
"VAXQr10" = VAXQr10, # Natural immunity lasts longer than vaccination
"VAXQr11" = VAXQr11, # Natural exposure to viruses and germs gives safest protection
"VAXQr12" = VAXQr12, # Exposed to diseases naturally safer for immune system vs vaccination
"GTSQr1" = GTSQr1, # Most people are basically honest
"GTSQr2" = GTSQr2, # Most people are trustworthy
"GTSQr3" = GTSQr3, # Most people are basically good and kind
"GTSQr4" = GTSQr4, # Most people are trustful of others
"GTSQr5" = GTSQr5, # I am trustful
"GTSQr6" = GTSQr6, # Most people respond in kind when they are trusted by others
"PAQ1" = PAQ1, # Political spectrum (communism to fascism)
"ABQr1" = ABQr1, # Listen to older people about how to behave
"ABQr2" = ABQr2, # Question judgment of umpires or referees
"ABQr3" = ABQr3, # Do what authoritative figures tell you to do
"ABQr4" = ABQr4, # Criticize people who are rude to superiors
"ABQr5" = ABQr5, # Encourage young people to do what they want even if against parents wishes
"ABQr6" = ABQr6, # Dress to be acceptable to people that run the place
"ABQr7" = ABQr7, # Treat experts with respect even when you don't think much of them personally
"ABQr8" = ABQr8, # Support left-wing radical policies
"ABQr9" = ABQr9, # Take part in demonstrations to show opposition to policies you do not like
"ABQr10" = ABQr10, # Express approval for work of school teachers
"ABQr11" = ABQr11, # Go to church
"ABQr12" = ABQr12, # Make fun of police
"ABQr13" = ABQr13, # Look for guidance from someone wiser
"ABQr14" = ABQr14, # Sympathize with rebels
"ABQr15" = ABQr15, # Break speed limit or encourage driver to do so if safe when in hurry
"ABQr16" = ABQr16, # Follow doctor's orders
"ABQr17" = ABQr17, # Question what you hear on news
"ABQr18" = ABQr18, # Cross road against pedestrian traffic lights
"ABQr19" = ABQr19, # Ask for a second opinion when uncertain about doctor's advice
"ABQr20" = ABQr20, # Stand when playing national anthem in public
"ABQr21" = ABQr21, # Express contempt for politicians
"ABQr22" = ABQr22, # Annoyed when people sneer at those in authority
"ABQr23" = ABQr23, # Show special respect for people in high positions
"ABQr24" = ABQr24, # Speak up against boss when acting unfairly
"CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8" = CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ8, # Willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19
"PANAS_1" = PANAS_1, # Interested
"PANAS_2" = PANAS_2, # Distressed
"PANAS_3" = PANAS_3, # Excited
"PANAS_4" = PANAS_4, # Upset
"PANAS_5" = PANAS_5, # Strong
"PANAS_6" = PANAS_6, # Guilty
"PANAS_7" = PANAS_7, # Scared
"PANAS_8" = PANAS_8, # Hostile
"PANAS_9" = PANAS_9, # Enthusiastic
"PANAS_10" = PANAS_10, # Proud
"PANAS_11" = PANAS_11, # Irritable
"PANAS_12" = PANAS_12, # Alert
"PANAS_13" = PANAS_13, # Ashamed
"PANAS_14" = PANAS_14, # Inspired
"PANAS_15" = PANAS_15, # Nervous
"PANAS_16" = PANAS_16, # Determined
"PANAS_17" = PANAS_17, # Attentive
"PANAS_18" = PANAS_18, # Jittery
"PANAS_19" = PANAS_19, # Active
"PANAS_20" = PANAS_20, # Afraid
"ECR_1" = ECR_1, # Uncomfortable when other people want to be close
"ECR_2" = ECR_2, # Worry about feeling abandoned
"ECR_3" = ECR_3, # Tell people whom I feel close just about everything
"ECR_4" = ECR_4, # Need reassurance that I am loved
"ECR_5" = ECR_5, # Don't feel comfortable opening up to other people
"ECR_6" = ECR_6, # Worry a lot about relationships
"ECR_7" = ECR_7, # Discuss problems and concerns with people close to me
"ECR_8" = ECR_8, # Find that other people don't want to get as close as I would like
"ECR_9" = ECR_9, # Avoid getting too close to other people
"ECR_10" = ECR_10, # Worry that other people won't care about me as much as I care about them
"ECR_11" = ECR_11, # Don't mind asking other people about comfort, advice, or help
"ECR_12" = ECR_12, # Get frustrated when other people are not around as much as I would like
"ECR_13" = ECR_13, # Prefer not to be too close to other people
"ECR_14" = ECR_14, # Worry a fair about about losing people I feel close to
"ECR_15" = ECR_15, # Helps to turn to other people in times of need
"ECR_16" = ECR_16 # Resent when people I am close to spend time away from me
)
# Put all continuous variables that do not need preprocessing here
vars_con <- bind_cols(
"S2" = S2 # Year of birth
)
vars_dealwithlater <- bind_cols(
"Provinces_Canada" = Provinces_Canada # cat; Province (for Canadian responses, incl. NA for US)
)
vars_excl <- bind_cols(
"Primary_Case" = Primary_Case, # Unknown (incl. NA)
"C1AA" = C1AA # ord; When tested for COVID-19 (incl. 99 for missing; too many NA)
)
# These variables need NAs converted to 0 then combined with vars_cat
vars_catnom_convertto0 <- bind_cols(
"S6E" = S6E, # Hospital or long-term care worker (y/n/NA)
"S16B" = S16B, # Type of cannabis product (incl. NA)
"noanswerS16C_r1" = noanswerS16C_r1, # cat; Number of cannabis products (less than 1 per day; incl. NA)
"noanswerS16C_r2" = noanswerS16C_r2, # cat; Number of cannabis products (it depends; incl. NA)
"C1B" = C1B, # Type of testing (incl. NA)
"C1C" = C1C # COVID-19 Detected (incl. NA)
)
S6E <- S6E %>% labelled(
.,
labels = c(attr(., "labels", exact = TRUE), "Not a health care worker" = 2),
label = attr(., "label", exact = TRUE))
S6E[is.na(S6E)] <- 2
S16B <- S16B %>% labelled(
.,
labels = c(attr(., "labels", exact = TRUE), "Not a cannabis/marijuana user" = 0),
label = attr(., "label", exact = TRUE))
S16B[is.na(S16B)] <- 0
noanswerS16C_r1 <- noanswerS16C_r1 %>% labelled(
.,
labels = c(attr(., "labels", exact = TRUE), "Not a cannabis/marijuana user" = 2),
label = attr(., "label", exact = TRUE))
noanswerS16C_r1[is.na(noanswerS16C_r1)] <- 2
noanswerS16C_r2 <- noanswerS16C_r2 %>% labelled(
.,
labels = c(attr(., "labels", exact = TRUE), "Not a cannabis/marijuana user" = 2),
label = attr(., "label", exact = TRUE))
noanswerS16C_r2[is.na(noanswerS16C_r2)] <- 2
C1B <- C1B %>% labelled(
.,
labels = c(attr(., "labels", exact = TRUE), "Not tested" = 0),
label = attr(., "label", exact = TRUE))
C1B[is.na(C1B)] <- 0
C1C <- C1C %>% labelled(
.,
labels = c(attr(., "labels", exact = TRUE), "Not tested" = 0),
label = attr(., "label", exact = TRUE))
C1C[is.na(C1C)] <- 0
vars_cat <- bind_cols(
vars_cat,
"S6E" = S6E,
"S16B" = S16B,
"noanswerS16C_r1" = noanswerS16C_r1,
"noanswerS16C_r2" = noanswerS16C_r2,
"C1B" = C1B,
"C1C" = C1C)
# These variables need to be passed through mice to impute NA values
vars_catbin_NA <- bind_cols(
# Categorical variables; impute with logreg for binary
"SDSAQr1" = SDSAQr1, # Willing to marry East Asian descent (y/n/NA)
"SDSAQr2" = SDSAQr2, # Willing to accept East Asian as a close personal friend (y/n/NA)
"SDSAQr3" = SDSAQr3, # Willing to have East Asian as neighbor (y/n/NA)
"SDSAQr4" = SDSAQr4, # Willing to have East Asian as coworker (y/n/NA)
"SDSAQr5" = SDSAQr5, # Willing to have East Asian as citizen (y/n/NA)
"SDSAQr6" = SDSAQr6, # Willing to have East Asian as non-citizen visitor (y/n/NA)
"SDSAQr7" = SDSAQr7, # Willing to exclude East Asian from visiting country (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr1" = SDSEQr1, # Willing to marry Northern European descent (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr2" = SDSEQr2, # Willing to accept Northern European as a close personal friend (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr3" = SDSEQr3, # Willing to have cartoon as neighbor (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr4" = SDSEQr4, # Willing to have Northern European as coworker (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr5" = SDSEQr5, # Willing to have Northern European as citizen (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr6" = SDSEQr6, # Willing to have Northern European as non-citizen visitor (y/n/NA)
"SDSEQr7" = SDSEQr7 # Willing to exclude Northern European from visiting country (y/n/NA)
)
# These variables need to be passed through mice to impute NA values
# There are no categorical unordered variables with NA values that do not need conversion...
# vars_catnom_NA <- bind_cols(
#
# )
# These variables need to be passed through mice to impute NA values
vars_ord_NA <- bind_cols(
# Ordinal variables; impute with polr for ordered
"SPQ11B" = SPQ11B, # Leave home to exercise (incl. NA)
"SPQ11C" = SPQ11C, # Stay close to home (incl. NA)
"CVSQ2b" = CVSQ2b, # Government messaging suggest end to social distancing (incl. NA)
"PVDr1" = PVDr1, # Bothered by people sneezing without covering mouths (incl. NA)
"PVDr2" = PVDr2, # If illness going around, I will get it (incl. NA)
"PVDr3" = PVDr3, # Comfortable sharing water bottle with friend (incl. NA)
"PVDr4" = PVDr4, # Don't like chewed on pencils (incl. NA)
"PVDr5" = PVDr5, # Past experience make me believe unlikely to get sick even when friends are (incl. NA)
"PVDr6" = PVDr6, # Susceptible to infectious diseases (incl. NA)
"PVDr7" = PVDr7, # Wash hands soon after shaking hands (incl. NA)
"PVDr8" = PVDr8, # Susceptible to colds, flus, and other infectious diseases (incl. NA)
"PVDr9" = PVDr9, # Dislike used clothing because you don't know how past person was like (incl. NA)
"PVDr10" = PVDr10, # More likely to catch infectious diseases than others (incl. NA)
"PVDr11" = PVDr11, # Hands do not feel dirty after touching money (incl. NA)
"PVDr12" = PVDr12, # Unlikely to catch cold, flus, other illness even if going around (incl. NA)
"PVDr13" = PVDr13, # Does not make me anxious to be around sick people (incl. NA)
"PVDr14" = PVDr14, # Immune system protects me from most illnesses that others get (incl. NA)
"PVDr15" = PVDr15, # Avoid public telephones because of risk of catching something from previous user (incl. NA)
"SSQr1" = SSQr1, # Satisfaction with personal relationships (incl. NA)
"SSQr2" = SSQr2, # Satisfaction with support from friends (incl. NA)
"CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a" = CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9a, # COVID-19 affected mental health (incl. NA)
"CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b" = CVSQ8_Q9CVSQ9b # social distancing affected mental health (incl. NA)
)
# These variables need to be passed through mice to impute NA values
vars_con_NA <- bind_cols(
# Continuous variables; impute with pmm for numeric
"S6Fr1" = S6Fr1, # Number living in household (incl. NA)
"S6Gr1" = S6Gr1, # Number of children under 6 (incl. NA)
"S6Gr2" = S6Gr2, # Number of children 6 to 12 (incl. NA)
"S6Gr3" = S6Gr3 # Number of children 13 to 17 (incl. NA)
)
# These variables need SOME NAs converted to 0 then combined with vars_con_NA
vars_catnom_convertto0andNA <- bind_cols(
# Convert NA to 0 then convert 99 to NA
"S7C" = S7C, # Temporarily or permanently laid off (y/n/NA)
)
S7C[is.na(S7C)] <- 0
S7C[which(S7C == 99)] <- NA
vars_catnom_NA <- bind_cols(
"S7C" = S7C
)
# These variables need SOME NAs converted to 0 then combined with vars_con_NA
vars_con_convertto0andNA <- bind_cols(
# Combine noanswerS15_r0 and noanswerS15_r1 with S15r99; impute noanswerS15_r2 with pmm for numeric
"S15r99" = S15r99, # con; Number of drinks in last 7 days (incl. NA; convert NA from r0 and r1 to 0)
# Combine noanswerS16C_r1 with S16Cr99; impute noanswerS16C_r2 with pmm for numeric
"S16Cr99" = S16Cr99, # con; Number of cannabis products in last 7 days (incl. NA; convert NA from r0 and r1 to 0)
# Combine noanswerS17A_r0 and noanswerS17A_r1 with S17Ar99; impute noanswerS17A_r2 with pmm for numeric
"S17Ar99" = S17Ar99, # con; Number of cigarettes in last 7 days (incl. NA; convert NA from r0 and r1 to 0)
# Combine noanswerS17B_r0 and noanswerS17B_r1 with S17Ar99; impute noanswerS17B_r2 with pmm for numeric
"S17Br99" = S17Br99 # con; Number of times e-cigarettes used in last 7 days (incl. NA; convert NA from r0 and r1 to 0)
)
S15r99[which(noanswerS15_r0 == 1)] <- 0
S15r99[which(noanswerS15_r1 == 1)] <- 0
S16Cr99[which(S16A == 0)] <- 0
S16Cr99[which(noanswerS16C_r1 == 1)] <- 0
S17Ar99[which(noanswerS17A_r0 == 1)] <- 0
S17Ar99[which(noanswerS17A_r1 == 1)] <- 0
S17Br99[which(noanswerS17B_r0 == 1)] <- 0
S17Br99[which(noanswerS17B_r1 == 1)] <- 0
vars_con_NA <- bind_cols(
vars_con_NA,
"S15r99" = S15r99,
"S16Cr99" = S16Cr99,
"S17Ar99" = S17Ar99,
"S17Br99" = S17Br99
)
# Variables below contain non-valid answers that need to be converted for imputation
# These variables need non-valid answers converted to NA then combined with vars_cat_NA
vars_catbin_converttoNA <- bind_cols(
# Categorical variables; binary
"S8D" = S8D, # Received government stimulus (y/n/"rather not say")
"S8F" = S8F, # Received employment insurance (y/n/"rather not say")
"C2" = C2, # Close contact of COVID-19 (y/n/"unsure")
"S7B" = S7B # Laid off because of COVID-19 (y/n/"rather not say")
)
S8D[which(S8D == 99)] <- NA
S8F[which(S8F == 99)] <- NA
C2[which(C2 == 3)] <- NA
S7B[which(S7B == 99)] <- NA
vars_catbin_NA <- bind_cols(
vars_catbin_NA,
"S8D" = S8D,
"S8F" = S8F,
"C2" = C2,
"S7B" = S7B
)
# These variables need non-valid answers converted to NA then combined with vars_catnom_NA
vars_catnom_converttoNA <- bind_cols(
# Categorical variables; unordered
"S3" = S3, # Gender (incl. other/prefer not to answer/rather not say; NB non-Male and non-Female answers have very low samples so combine with others)
"S4" = S4, # Racial or ethnic group (incl. "rather not say")
"S5" = S5, # Religion (incl. "rather not say")
"S6B" = S6B, # Type of dwelling (incl. "rather not say")
"S7A" = S7A, # Employment status (incl. "rather not say")
"Q8AA" = Q8AA # Ever had depression, anxiety, or mental health issues (incl. NA with unknown values; convert 4 to NA)
)
S3[-which(S3 %in% c(1,2))] <- NA
S4[which(S4 == 99)] <- NA
S5[which(S5 == 99)] <- NA
S6B[which(S6B == 99)] <- NA
S7A[which(S7A == 99)] <- NA
Q8AA[which(Q8AA == 4)] <- NA
vars_catnom_NA <- bind_cols(
vars_catnom_NA,
"S3" = S3,
"S4" = S4,
"S5" = S5,
"S6B" = S6B,
"S7A" = S7A,
"Q8AA" = Q8AA
)
# These variables need non-valid answers converted to NA then combined with vars_ord_NA
vars_ord_converttoNA <- bind_cols(
# Ordinal variables; ordered
"S11A" = S11A, # Father's level of education (incl. "don't know")
"S11C" = S11C, # Mother's level of education (incl. "don't know")
"S1B" = S1B, # Population of area (incl. NA and "don't know")
"S6H" = S6H # Household income (incl. no-responses)
)
S11A[which(S11A == 99)] <- NA
S11C[which(S11C == 99)] <- NA
S1B[which(S1B == 5)] <- NA
S6H[which(S6H == 99)] <- NA
vars_ord_NA <- bind_cols(
vars_ord_NA,
"S11A" = S11A,
"S11C" = S11C,
"S1B" = S1B,
"S6H" = S6H
)We have now classified all variables in
coviddata_exclNA. In the next section, we will impute any
remaining NA values in the dataset.
4.2.3 Imputing missing data
Imputation replaces missing data with substituted values. A common approach is “imputation to the mean”, where missing values are replaced with the mean value of the respective variable. However, this approach artificially reduces the variance of the dataset and does not take into account additional information from other variables.
“Multiple Imputation by Chained Expressions” (MICE) is a more sophisticated approach for imputing missing data. If the pattern of missing data is random, then the statistical distribution of (unobserved) missing values should be no different from the (observed) existing data. As such, we can impute the missing data by resampling values from the existing data. We can also improve the quality imputation by using the observed data to predict likely values for the missing data.
In the previous section, we classified all variables listed in
datadict_exclNA according to type, with
vars_cat, vars_con, and vars_ord
respectively containing all categorical, continuous, and ordinal
variables that did not require any preprocessing. Variables
that encoded any type of nonresponse were identified for preprocessing.
Then, we recoded meaningful nonresponses as explicit values (e.g.,
NAs in S7C converted to 0s) and
random/nonsensical nonresponses as NAs. After recoding,
variables that contained no NA values were appended to
their respective vars_{type} list. Since imputation methods
depend on data type, variables with NA values were saved
into vars_catbin_NA (for binary categorical variables),
vars_catnom_NA (for categorical variables with > 2
groups), vars_con_NA, and vars_ord_NA.
In the next code chunk, we will combine the vars_{type}
objects into data_preimpute. Then, we will append
vars_{type}_NA to data_preimpute to make
data_preimpute_{type}_NA. This object is passed to
mice(), which performs multiple imputation to replace any
NAs with sensible values. The output is saved to
data_impute_{type}_NA, and the imputed values from each
object are recombined into a final complete dataset named
coviddata_imp. Finally, we’ll clean up the environment and
remove all R objects that will no longer be used.
Please note that imputation is computationally intensive and
can take several hours to complete. For the purposes of this report, the
data_impute_{type}_NA objects were previously computed and
are loaded into R from .RDS files.
# For each of the vars_X_NA, we need to impute the NA values. We can use the
# mice package to do this!
haven_binarize_yesno <- function(x) {
a <- as_factor(x) %>% as.character()
a[which(a == "No")] <- 0
a[which(a == "Yes")] <- 1
a <- as.numeric(a)
return(a)
}
haven_ordered <- function(x) {
a <- as_factor(x, ordered = TRUE, levels = "values")
return(a)
}
# Prep datasets for each imputation
data_preimpute <- bind_cols(
vars_cat %>% mutate(across(everything(), as_factor)),
vars_ord %>% mutate(across(everything(), haven_ordered)),
vars_con
)
data_preimpute_catbin_NA <- bind_cols(
data_preimpute,
vars_catbin_NA %>% mutate(across(everything(), as_factor))
) %>% zap_labels()
data_preimpute_catnom_NA <- bind_cols(
data_preimpute,
vars_catnom_NA %>% mutate(across(everything(), as_factor))
) %>% zap_labels()
data_preimpute_ord_NA <- bind_cols(
data_preimpute,
vars_ord_NA %>% mutate(across(everything(), haven_ordered))
# vars_con_NA
) %>% zap_labels()
data_preimpute_con_NA <- bind_cols(
data_preimpute,
vars_con_NA
) %>% zap_labels()
# Check if data set has already been imputed and is unchanged; otherwise, redo
if (file.exists(paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_catbin_NA.RDS"))) {
data_check <- readRDS(file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_catbin_NA.RDS"))
} else {
data_check <- NULL
}
if (setequal(data_check$data, data_preimpute_catbin_NA)) {
data_impute_catbin_NA <- data_check
} else {
data_impute_catbin_NA <- mice(
data = data_preimpute_catbin_NA,
nnet.MaxNWts = 50000,
seed = 1
)
saveRDS(object = data_impute_catbin_NA,
file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_catbin_NA.RDS"))
}
if (file.exists(paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_catnom_NA.RDS"))) {
data_check <- readRDS(file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_catnom_NA.RDS"))
} else {
data_check <- NULL
}
if (setequal(data_check$data, data_preimpute_catnom_NA)) {
data_impute_catnom_NA <- data_check
} else {
data_impute_catnom_NA <- mice(
data = data_preimpute_catnom_NA,
nnet.MaxNWts = 50000,
seed = 1
)
saveRDS(object = data_impute_catnom_NA,
file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_catnom_NA.RDS"))
}
if (file.exists(paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_ord_NA.RDS"))) {
data_check <- readRDS(file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_ord_NA.RDS"))
} else {
data_check <- NULL
}
if (setequal(data_check$data, data_preimpute_ord_NA)) {
data_impute_ord_NA <- data_check
} else {
data_impute_ord_NA <- mice(
data = data_preimpute_ord_NA,
nnet.MaxNWts = 50000,
seed = 1
)
saveRDS(object = data_impute_ord_NA,
file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_ord_NA.RDS"))
}
if (file.exists(paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_con_NA.RDS"))) {
data_check <- readRDS(file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_con_NA.RDS"))
} else {
data_check <- NULL
}
if (setequal(data_check$data, data_preimpute_con_NA)) {
data_impute_con_NA <- data_check
} else {
data_impute_con_NA <- mice(
data = data_preimpute_con_NA,
nnet.MaxNWts = 50000,
seed = 1
)
saveRDS(object = data_impute_con_NA,
file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_impute_con_NA.RDS"))
}
data_complete <- left_join(
x = complete(data_impute_catbin_NA),
y = complete(data_impute_catnom_NA),
by = names(data_preimpute)
)
data_complete <- left_join(
x = data_complete,
y = complete(data_impute_ord_NA),
by = names(data_preimpute)
)
data_complete <- left_join(
x = data_complete,
y = complete(data_impute_con_NA),
by = names(data_preimpute)
)
detach(coviddata_exclNA)
# Save out objects required for analysis, then clean up the environment
coviddata_imp <- data_complete
datadict_imp <- datadict[names(data_complete)]
vars_imp <- list(
cat = c(names(vars_cat),
names(vars_catbin_NA),
names(vars_catnom_NA)),
con = c(names(vars_con),
names(vars_con_NA)),
ord = c(names(vars_ord),
names(vars_ord_NA))
)
write_csv(data_complete, file = paste0(getwd(), "/output/data_imputed.csv"))
rm(
C1B,
C1C,
C2,
# coviddata,
coviddata_exclNA,
# coviddata_imp,
coviddata_num,
data_check,
data_complete,
data_impute_catbin_NA,
data_impute_catnom_NA,
data_impute_con_NA,
data_impute_ord_NA,
data_preimpute,
data_preimpute_catbin_NA,
data_preimpute_catnom_NA,
data_preimpute_con_NA,
data_preimpute_ord_NA,
# datadict,
datadict_exclNA,
# datadict_imp,
haven_binarize_yesno,
haven_ordered,
noanswerS16C_r1,
noanswerS16C_r2,
Q8AA,
# required_packages,
S11A,
S11C,
S15r99,
S16B,
S16Cr99,
S17Ar99,
S17Br99,
S1B,
S3,
S4,
S5,
S6B,
S6E,
S6H,
S7A,
S7B,
S7C,
S8D,
S8F,
# using,
vars_cat,
vars_catbin_converttoNA,
vars_catbin_NA,
vars_catnom_convertto0,
vars_catnom_convertto0andNA,
vars_catnom_converttoNA,
vars_catnom_NA,
vars_con,
vars_con_convertto0andNA,
vars_con_NA,
vars_dealwithlater,
vars_excl,
# vars_imp,
vars_na1,
vars_na2,
vars_na3,
vars_naall,
vars_ord,
vars_ord_converttoNA,
vars_ord_NA
)Before we move onto the next section, let’s take one last look at the
missing data structure of coviddata_imp.
coviddata_imp %>% plot_missing(data = ., title = "Figure 6", subtitle = "Missing values in coviddata_imp")
As we can see, there is no yellow in this chart! There are no missing values in the data. This complete data is now ready for outlier analysis and inferential statistics!
Let’s move onto Part 3.